La Reprise du discours des autres dans les interactions pédagogiques plurilingues en ligne: une affaire de genre

L’interaction verbale dans les genres électroniques est de nature particulière. Dans les forums de discussion, qui feront l’objet de la présente étude, deux ou plusieurs interlocuteurs interagissent par le biais des messages envoyés (Mangenot 2007). En particulier, l’interaction est différée dans le temps, la seconde partie d’une paire adjacente (du type question-réponse) pouvant être produite longtemps après l’intervention initiative, c’est pourquoi on parle aussi d’échanges asynchrones. Même si de nombreux messages asynchrones ont une forte dimension monologale, dans la mesure où ils ne paraissent pas susciter l’enchaînement, la citation d’extraits de discours d’un autre participant (ou de plusieurs autres) est une pratique récurrente dans les discussions en ligne (Lucas 2009, Marcoccia 2009). La reprise du discours de l’autre y introduit une dimension séquentielle et interactionnelle (Mondada 1999). Elle contribue à recréer les conditions de la conversation réelle (von Munchow 2004, von Munchow et Rakotoelina 2006), limitant la discontinuité thématique de l’échange dialogique. Les participants à ces échanges invoquent aussi des autorités discursives autres. Les citations d’autorité, dont les sources sont les plus variées, sont fréquentes dans leurs messages. Dans cette communication, nous nous proposons donc d’analyser les «s-citations», pour reprendre l’expression utilisée par Rabatel (2010) pour indiquer ces formes inédites de citations en contexte pluri-sémiotique, dans un corpus d’interactions pédagogiques plurilingues (français, espagnol, italien, roumain et portugais) liées au projet Galanet (www.galanet.eu), dont le but est de favoriser l’intercompréhension en langues romanes. Y aurait-il des conduites langagières influencées par le genre? Dans la perspective de la communication médiatisée par ordinateur (CMO), on a déjà souligné l’importance du paramètre «gender» dans les pratiques discursives des blogs (cf. Herring et Paolillo 2006). Qu’en est-il, en revanche, dans les forums de discussion pédagogiques? Font-ils émerger différentes façons de rapporter les discours en rapport avec le paramètre du sexe

<i>The English patient</i>: les emprunts et la politique linguistique française face aux anglicismes

La langue doit pouvoir permettre de parler des nouvelles réalités, matérielles et non matérielles (concepts, faits de civilisation, etc.). Elle doit en effet suivre l'évolution du monde, car une langue qui n'évolue pas est une langue morte. Parmi les procédés de création lexicale, Pruvost (2003: 118) distingue ceux qui relèvent d'une "matrice interne", dont la dérivation, la composition, la siglaison et la troncation, du seul procédé de "matrice externe": l'emprunt. Celui-ci s'inscrit ainsi dans les phénomènes de lexicogenèse permettant à la langue d'emboîter le pas aux changements de société. Le développement des techniques modernes, souvent d'invention étrangère - songeons, par exemple, à l'émergence des nouvelles technologies -, l'accroissement des échanges matériels et humains empêchent le français comme toute autre langue de vivre en autarcie (Mitterrand 1992: 67). De plus, les langues ne connaissent pas de frontières, les mots sont "voyageurs" (Treps 2003). En même temps, l'influence des sources étrangères doit être ramenée à sa juste mesure, derrière, par ordre d'importance, les phénomènes de dérivation, composition, sigles et abréviations (Mitterrand 1992: 72). Toutefois, ces évidences sont loin d'être partagées. Du XVI siècle à nos jours, de Henri Estienne (1578) à Etiemble (1973) nombreux sont ceux qui ont élevé leur voix contre le recours aux mots étrangers. Certains ont même agité le spectre d'une disparition de la langue française sous l'action exercée par l'italien d'abord, et par l'anglo-américain ensuite. C'est en particulier sur cette crainte de voir le français se dissoudre dans le 'franglais' que nous allons nous attarder dans le présent article. Le français serait-il devenue un 'sabir atlantique'

Mental health treatment effects in an alternative middle schools

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an alternative school in West Virginia. The school enrolled sixth to eighth grade students who had been suspended, expelled, or were facing expulsion. Using archived data, the academic performance of students who were in a mental health treatment program was compared to the performance of students who were in the alternative school but were not enrolled in the mental health program. All archival data was de-identified by the Psychologists on staff at the agencies so there were no identifiable human subjects. The research staff was provided access to existing administrative data that had no identifying student information, without the possibility of new data collection This study compared the students who were enrolled in a mental health program to the students at the alternative school who were not enrolled to determine the impact of therapeutic intervention on academic success. Annual grades and standardized test scores of the students before, during and after enrollment at the alternative school were analyzed. The mental health treatment group had a significantly higher mean on math achievement than the mean of the group who did not receive mental health treatment. The study also examined the effects of mental health treatment on school drop-out. Two years after the treatment year. The mental health group was more likely to stay in school than the non-mental health group

PHYTOPLANKTON RESPONSES AS INDICATORS OF EXPOSURE TO TOXICANTS

The use of antifouling booster biocides on boats and ships is of environmental concern as the leached products can affect non-target, highly susceptible phytoplanktonic organisms. Appropriate assessment of whether or not estuarine/marine phytoplankton are potentially at risk should include a combination of approaches, investigating toxic effects for both single species and natural phytoplankton communities and ideally include field verifications. This research addresses the application and comparison of methods to investigate toxic responses to four antifouling biocides Irgarol 1051®, diuron, Sea-Nine 211® and zinc pyrithione in laboratory-based experiments with single species and using natural phytoplankton assemblages. The applicability of photosynthetic parameters and pigment:chlorophyll-α ratios as biomarkers was initially employed in unialgal experiments. Variations in results for pigment:chlorophyll-a ratios following toxic exposures indicate that care must be taken when using CHEMTAX estimations and that further research into this topic is needed. Compositional changes in natural phytoplankton assemblages under toxicant exposure were evaluated using standard techniques (microscopy) and were compared to group-specific biomass estimation derived from CHEMTAX-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. This broad approach proved effective in detecting changes in the main phytoplankton groups, with prasinophytes and prymnesiophytes proving most susceptible and chlorophytes and dinoflagellates being comparatively resistant to the PSII inhibitor Irgarol 1051®. In addition, the impact of selected antifouling agents on photosynthesis and pigment chemotaxonomy was investigated for a natural phytoplankton community. Pigment signatures were determined by HPLC and growth was determined by Analytical Flow Cytometry (AFC). Primary production (estimated by 14C-uptake) was compared to photosynthetic efficiency (FV/FM) measured using Fast Repetition Rate Fluorescence (FRRF). Differences in species-specific sensitivity of the phytoplankton community were detected through pigment composition after 72 h exposures to zinc pyrithione (5 µg 1ˉ¹) and Sea-Nine 211® (10 µg lˉ¹) . The pigment zeaxanthin was proportionally increased indicating a relative increase in Cyanophyceae. This effect was corroborated by AFC. Both techniques (14C-uptake and FRRF) were in good agreement (r = 0.88) suggesting the impairment of primary production and FV/FM following exposure to the selected toxicants. Phytoplankton responses to toxicants may be influenced by fluctuations in a variety of environmental factors. The nutrient regime may alter the outcome of contamination by influencing the susceptibility of phytoplankton to a toxicant. A preliminary investigation of such effects on biocidal toxicity was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine the extent of nutrient influence. Results indicated the influence of nutrient addition on the Irgarol 1051® toxic responses to cyanophytes. Besides experimental approaches, data were supplemented with a pilot survey in Plymouth coastal waters. Current concentrations of biocides together with environmental and biological data for this survey are presented and discussed as a diagnosis that provides an outline for future research.Plymouth Marine Laborator

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK DAN KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL GURU PAI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KECAMATAN MA’RANG KABUPATEN PANGKEP

This study aims to determine and analyze 1) the influence of PAI teachers' pedagogic competence on learning achievement of elementary school students in Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency. 2) Effect of PAI teacher professional competence on learning achievement of elementary school students in Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency, and 3) Effect of PAI pedagogic competence and professional competence on learning achievement of elementary school students in Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency. Pedagogic competence is a number of competencies that relate to personal abilities with all the characteristics that support the execution of tasks. Teacher's Professional Competence is a number of competencies related to professions that demand various skills in education or teacher training. This research is a type of ex-post facto research that is associative causality using quantitative analysis techniques. This research was conducted in elementary schools in the Ma'rang sub-district, Pangkep Regency. The study population was all 34 Islamic Education teachers in elementary schools in Ma'rang sub-district totaling 34 people. Samples are taken from a number of populations. In this study data on pedagogic competencies and professional competencies were obtained using a questionnaire. While the data of student learning achievement is obtained through the average grade V of PAI subjects contained in the report card that has been documented. Data management with descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression. The results showed that 1) pedagogic competence of PAI teachers had a positive and significant effect on learning achievement of elementary school students in Ma'rang sub-district of Pangkep Regency by 32.71%, 2) the professional competence of PAI teachers had a positive and significant effect on elementary school students' learning achievement in Ma'rang District of Pangkep Regency was 20.43%, and 3) Pedagogic competence and professional competence of PAI teachers had a positive and significant effect on the learning achievement of elementary school students in the Ma'rang sub-district of Pangkep Regency by 31,24%.Keywords: Pedagogic Competence, Professional Competency, Student achievement.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN EDMODO TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMK NEGERI 2 PANGKEP

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran edmodo terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 2 Pangkep. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini Siswa Kelas X di SMKN 2 Pangkep, yakni sebanyak 479 orang siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas X SMKN 2 Pangkep terdiri dari 3 Kelas yaitu X TKR 1, X TKR 2 dan X TKR 3 sebanyak 83 orang siswa. Teknik sampling yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan probability sampling, adapun metoda yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling. Simple random sampling dikatakan sederhana karena pengambilan anggota sampel dari populasi dilakukan secara acak tanpa memperhatikan strata yang ada dalam populasi itu.Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah aplikasi pembelajaran edmodo sedangkan variable terikatnya adalah motivasi belajar siswa. Metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan metode survey, di mana untuk mendapatkan data berasal dari tempat tertentu yang alamiah (bukan buatan), tetapi peneliti melakukan perlakuan pengumpulan data.Hipotesis diformulasikan dan di uji menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan penggunaan aplikasi pembelajaran edmodo terhadap motivasi belajar siswa kelas X Teknik di SMK Negeri 2 Pangkep Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan

PERANAN KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MUTU PENDIDIKAN MELALUI MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH DI MIS MUHAMMADIYAH BUJUNG TANGAYA KECAMATAN BUNGORO KABUPATEN PANGKEP

Penelitian ini menggambarkan tentang peranan kepemimpinan dalam.meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah yang diterapkan di MIS Muhammadiyah Bujung Tangaya Kecamatan Bungoro Kabupaten Pangkep dengan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut : Bagaimana peranan kepemimpinan Kepala Madrasah dalam upaya mengelola.manajemen madarash untuk.meningkatkan mutu pendidikan, Bagaimanakah Pelaksanaan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di MIS Muhammadiyah Bujung Tangaya,faktor-faktor apa saja yang mendukung serta kendala dan hambatan apa saja yang dialami dalam upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan melalui Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah.  Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan teknik pengamatan terlibat langsung, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Informan Kunci  dalam penelitian ini adalah Kepala Madarash dan guru. Kata Kunci : Kepemimpinan, Mutu Pendidikan, MBS.

APPLICATION TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF MIND MAP TECHNIQUE OF BASIC FOOD PROCESSING THE STUDENT IN SMK NEGERI 3 WONOSARI

APPLICATION TO INCREASE UNDERSTANDING OF MIND MAP TECHNIQUE OF BASIC FOOD PROCESSING THE STUDENT IN SMK NEGERI 3 WONOSARI By: Newin Devilla Ayu (05511241020) Abstract This study aims to: 1) Knowing the mind map application in improving the understanding of the basic techniques of food processing on 3 Wonosari vocational students. 2) Determine an increased understanding of the basic techniques of food processing on students at SMK Negeri 3 Wonosari after application of mind map. This type of research is the PTK (Classroom Action Research).The research was conducted in November - December 2010.Subjects were students first X TB SMK Negeri 3 Wonosari number of 36 students, while the object of research is the students' understanding of the basic techniques of food processing. The collection of data using the method of observation and achievement tests. Test the validity of using content validity testing of the material in which the test content with professional judgment. Mechanical analysis of observational data using a Likert scale and then calculate the average based on the ideal score and score gain any expected outcomes. Achievement test data analysis techniques and mind map using t-test (paired t-test). The results showed that: 1) The application of mind map as an effort to increase understanding of the basic techniques of food processing carried out by the delivery of content and create a mind map of ideas and creativity of each use a colorful pen. 2) Understanding students about the basic techniques of food processing after the application of mind map increased. The increase is marked by an increase in test scores from the prior learning of only 4.08 to 6.2 on the cycle I and increased again to 7.9 in cycle II. Test results of paired sample t-test achievement test scores for the pre test and post test produced thitung = 20.338> ttable = 1.70 to 3.78 increase. Mean 3.78056 -4.15782 has a range lower limit to upper limit of 3.40319. Test results of paired sample t-test students' mind map produced thitung = 25.035> ttable = 1.70. Mean 2.0944 -2.2643 has a range lower limit to the upper limit 1.9246

PENGARUH MANAJEMEN KELAS DAN ETOS KERJA GURU TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DI SMP NEGERI 1 PAREPARE

This study aims, (1) To analyze the effect of class management on the effectiveness of learning in SMP Negeri 1 Parepare, (2) To analyze the influence of teacher work ethic on the effectiveness of learning in SMP Negeri (3) To analyze the influence of classroom management and work ethic of teachers on effectiveness learning at SMP 1 Parepare. This research was conducted at SMP 1 Parepare with total teacher population is 85 teachers and students 954 Sampling technique that is purposive sampling technique, so that obtained sample 40 teachers and 150 students. In this study, the data obtained from the questionnaire. The results showed that 1) classroom management influenced the effectiveness of learning in SMP Negeri 1 Parepare. It is shown from the results of coefficients data titung class management is 2, 237 and t table = 2, 022. This indicates that thitung> ttable. It is also based on the sig value. for class management is 0,049 (p ttable. It is also based on the sig value. for work ethic variable value sig = 0,002 (p <0,05), (3) class management and work ethic influence to effectiveness of learning in SMP Negeri 1 Parepare. Based on the result of F test count equal to 83, 462 and sig value. F of 0.000 (<0.05). Key Words: Classroom Management, Working Ethics, Learning Effectivenes

Analisis Pengaruh Pendapatan asli Daerah, Dana Alokasi Umum dan Dana Bagi Hasil Terhadap Alokasi Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota

Sesuai UU No. 22 dan 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah, dalam melaksanakan otonomi daerah yang nyata, dinamis, dan bertanggung jawab sebagaimana yang tertera dalam UU No. 22 dan 25 Tahun 1999 diperlukan sumber-sumber pembiayaan yang cukup, terutama yang berasal dari sumber Pendapatan Asli Daerah, agar daerah dapat menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dengan kemampuan daerahnya sendiri.Selain itu untuk membantu daerah dalam pemerataan pengeluaran daerah diperlukan juga bantuan dana dari pusat yaitu Dana Alokas Umum dan Dana Bagi Hasil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh PAD terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh kota, Menganalisis pengaruh DAU terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota dan menganalisis pengaruh DBH terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota tahun 2008 - 2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data skunder tahun 2008 – 2017. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari BPS Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Model Analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Linear Berganda dengan dengan metode OLS (Ordinary Least – square) . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial DAU berpengaruh positif terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota sedangkan PAD dan DBH tidak berpengaruh terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Secara simultan ketiga variabel ini berpengaruh terhadap Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota periode tahun 2008 – 2017. Kata kunci : PAD,DAU,DBH dan Belanja Daera