Reddish brown pigments from Alternaria alternata for textile dyeing and printing

Reddish brown pigment has been extracted from dry mycelium of Alternaria alternata in methanol and then evaluated for dyeing efficacy on cotton fabrics. The pigment producing fungus A. alternata is grown in maize grain broth maintained at pH 6. Shade of Sienna is obtained on cotton. Dyed cotton fabric has recorded a grey scale rating of 2-3 and 4-5 for colour fastness and multi fibre staining respectively. Maximum dye absorption of 63% has been observed on cotton fabrics. The antimicrobial property of dyed fabric is also tested. Potent antimicrobial activity is observed against Staphylococcus epidermis (42 mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes (39 mm)

Growth and Mass Spectrometry Profile of Alternaria Alternata Pigment Grown in Maize Grain extract

Alternaria species are common saprophytes found in a variety of habitats as ubiquitous agents of decay. Alternaria spp. produces about sixty different secondary metabolites. In the present investigation, growth and production of pigment from Alternaria alternata was studied in maize grain extract at pH 4-9. The reddish brown pigment was extracted, estimated and partially purified by fractionation. Through mass spectrometry, major constituents of pigment from Alternaria alternata such as Tenuazoic acid (m/z 198), Stemphyperylenol (m/z 253), Alterperylenol (m/z 351), Alternariol (m/z 259.200), Altenuene (m/z 292), Alternarienoic acid (m/z 279.35) and Alternariol 5 methyl ether (m/z 273.20) were identified. The bio-prospecting of these secondary metabolites in industrial applications is also discussed

Depiction of secondary metabolites and antifungal activity of Bacillus velezensis DTU001.

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<span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:HI" lang="EN-GB">Reddish brown pigments from <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Alternaria alternata</i> for textile dyeing and printing</span>

315-319<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:" times="" new="" roman";color:black"="" lang="EN-GB">Reddish brown pigment has been extracted from dry mycelium of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Alternaria alternata in methanol and then evaluated for dyeing efficacy on cotton fabrics. <span style="font-size:9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:AdvGulliv-R;mso-bidi-font-style: italic" lang="EN-GB">The pigment producing fungus A. alternata is grown in maize grain broth maintained at <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family: AdvGulliv-R" lang="EN-GB">p<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:AdvGulliv-R;mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-GB">H 6. <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: " times="" new="" roman";color:black"="" lang="EN-GB">Shade of Sienna is obtained on cotton. Dyed cotton fabric has recorded a grey scale rating of 2-3 and 4-5 for colour fastness and multi fibre staining respectively. Maximum dye absorption of 63% has been observed on cotton fabrics. The antimicrobial property of dyed fabric is also tested. Potent <span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family: " times="" new="" roman""="" lang="EN-GB">antimicrobial activity is observed against Staphylococcus epidermis (42 mm) and Streptococcus pyogenes (39 mm). </span

Thermodynamic analysis of three state denaturation of Peanut Agglutinin

Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) is a homotetrameric protein with a very unusual open quaternary structure. During denaturation, it first dissociates into a molten globule like state, which subsequently undergoes complete denaturation. Urea denaturation of PNA at neutral pH has been studied by intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and has been fitted to a three state model, A4 ⇔ 4I ⇔ 4U, to get all the relevant thermodynamic parameters. Urea denaturation leads to continuous red shift of wavelength maxima. The molten globule like state is formed in a short range of urea concentration. Refolding of the denatured PNA has been attempted by intrinsic fluorescence study. Refolding by instantaneous dilution shows the occurrence of the formation of an intermediate at a relatively rapid rate, within few seconds. The transition from PNA tetramer to molten globule like state is found to have a ΔG value of ~33 kcal/mole while it is ~8 kcal/mole for the transition from molten globule like state to a completely denatured state. This in turn indicates that the tetramerization in PNA contributes significantly to the stability of the oligomer

Synchronous Adenocarcinoma and Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma of the Colon

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) tumors are a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Synchronous appearance of adenocarcinoma and colonic MALT lymphoma in the same patient is quite rare. In the present report, we describe a 68-year-old female who presented with a history of bleeding per rectum. She had no history of fever, loss of weight or drenching night sweats. Rectal examination revealed no abnormality. Colonoscopy showed a large ulceroproliferative mass arising from the hepatic flexure, biopsy of which came out to be adenocarcinoma of colon. A right hemicolectomy was performed and microscopic study revealed the tumor type to be synchronous adenocarcinoma with lymphoma. The final diagnosis of this patient turned out to be a synchronous manifestation of both colonic adenocarcinoma and colonic MALT lymphoma. Although the patient remains asymptomatic two years after surgery, the case highlights the therapeutic dilemma that prevails in the definitive management in such scenarios

Correlation Between Extent of Nodal Involvement and Depth of Invasion for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Penis Following Prophylactic Groin Dissection

Background: In Indian sub-continent the presentation of carcinoma penis is variable. The role and timing of inguinal lymph node dissection in patients with carcinoma penis is controversial and not clearly defined. For majority of patients, surgical excision is the most effective means of controlling the disease. Most patients present with palpable inguinal lymph nodes but not confirm of metastases. By classifying disease according to depth of invasion and degree of differentiation of the primary lesion a high degree of accuracy could be obtained in predicting the likelihood of positive groin nodes. The ability to predict cancer progression may help the clinical management of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective observational study on carcinoma penis from a regional cancer centre of eastern India over a period from September 2016- April 2019. A total of 54 cases of invasive carcinoma of the penis were included in the study and details were retrieved from the surgical pathology files at our centre. All the patients’ results were analyzed and evaluated using appropriate statistical method.Results: Total 54 patients were included in the study out of which 19 patients underwent total penectomy while 35 patients underwent partial penectomy. Groin metastases were found in 11 out of 54 patients (20.37%). Nodal metastases were found in 6 of 41 grade I (14.63%) patients, 3 of 10 grade II patients (30%) and 2 out of 3 patients (66.66%) grade III patients. Among patients with depth of invasion greater than 6 mm,10 out of 42 patients (90.90%) had groin node metastasis, whereas for depth of invasion &lt; 5mm 1 out of 12(9.09%) patients had groin node metastasis.Conclusion: Depth of invasion is associated with increased risk of groin metastases in case of squamous cell carcinoma of penis. Risk of metastases is further increased if there is presence of vascular invasion, extracapsular spread and higher grade

Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity Cases in Some Tertiary Care Hospitals of Andhra Pradesh, India: A Retrospective Study

Pharmaceutical preparations are currently significant contributors to liver illness, in which hepatotoxicity being the most common cause of Acute liver failure .The liver is a vital organ, its strategic location and multidimensional functions support almost every other organ in the body. It is the main organ for metabolism, elimination of metabolic products and hepatotoxicity is a potential adverse effect for most of the drugs particularly Anti-tubercular drugs, general anaesthetics, paracetamol&nbsp;and some Anti-cancer drugs. Liver sometimes can be damaged by some chemicals called hhepatotoxins such as galactosamine and chloroform. Moreover steroids, vaccines and anti-viral drugs which are used as treatment option for liver diseases, may produce adverse effects especially after chronic administration. The main objective of our study is to assess the frequency of drugs causing the severity of Hepatotoxicity in patients in a tertiary care hospitals. A prospective observational study was carried out in 3 different tertiary care hospitals at Andhra Pradesh, India. It was found that males are more prone to hepatotoxicity compared to females, as well as the age group 25-64 years (67%) are more hepatotoxic compared to above 65years (15%) age group. So there is a need of awareness in patients and physicians to consider the drug induced hepatotoxicity while giving the treatment, in which most of the cases it was being left unconsidered and finally leading to hepatotoxicity starting with mild and moderate stages