Wastewater treatment and reuse: an institutional analysis for Hyderabad, India

River basinsWater pollutionSewageEffluentsPollution controlLegislationWaste managementWater qualityGuidelinesWastewater irrigationHealth hazardsRiceGrassesInstitutional reformCase studies

Continuous-wave, multimilliwatt, mid-infrared source tunable across 6.4–7.5 μm based on orientation-patterned GaAs

We report a continuous-wave (cw) source of tunable mid-infrared radiation providing tens of milliwatt of output power in the 6460–7517 nm spectral range. The source is based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in orientation-patterned (OP)-GaAs pumped by a Tm-fiber laser at 2010 nm and a 1064 nm-Yb-fiber-pumped cw optical parametric oscillator. Using a 25.7-mm-long OP-GaAs crystal, we have generated up to 51.1 mW of output power at 6790 nm, with >40 mW and >20 mW across 32% and 80% of the mid-infrared tuning range, respectively, which is to the best of our knowledge the highest tunable cw power generated in OP-GaAs in this spectral range. The DFG output at maximum power exhibits passive power stability better than 2.3% rms over more than 1 h and a frequency stability of 1.8 GHz over more than 1 min, in high spatial beam quality. The system and crystal performance at high pump powers have been studiedPostprint (published version

Nematophagous fungi: Metarhizium anisopliae

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major pests affecting many economically important crop productions throughout the world. Some chemicals are widely used against the phytonematodes. Because of hazardous effects of these compounds on human beings, animals and on the environment, there is a need to develop other control strategies. Biocontrol of phytonematodes is an important method among environment-friendly measures of nematode management. There are some soil-inhabiting fungi that have biocontrol potential on phytonematodes, which can be used for nematode management. The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, originally is an entomopathogenic bioagent has been utilizing as bionematicides. The fungus produces some secondary metabolite which may play a role in pathogenicity. Biocontrol potential of this fungus on some phytonematodes has been reported and its utilization is a major approach towards sustainable and environment friendly agricultural production

A Rare Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis Presenting as Ovarian Cancer

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is an uncommon form of chronic inflammation that is destructive to affected organs; it is characterized by the presence of lipid-filled macrophages with admixed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. Only a few cases of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis have been reported to date. We describe a rare case of xanthogranulomatous oophoritis with involvement of omentum

Biofumigation: A Potential Aspect for Suppression of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Plant-parasitic nematode cause economic loss to crops throughout the world. Biofumigation is the environmental friendly control option for the suppression of plant-parasitic as well as other pathogenic soil microbes. Glucosinolates are the main active compound present in some plants which are responsible for biofumigation process. To increase the efficiency of biofumigation selection of varieties containing more glucosinolates is highly desirable. Plant growth stage, soil temperature, soil texture, moisture, soil depth and soil microbes play important role in efficient biofumigation