Numerical simulation of a fractional model of temperature distribution and heat flux in the semi infinite solid

In this paper, a fractional model for the computation of temperature and heat flux distribution in a semi-infinite solid is discussed which is subjected to spatially decomposing, time-dependent laser source. The apt dimensionless parameters are identified and the reduced temperature and heat flux as a function of these parameters are presented in a numerical form. Some special cases of practical interest are also discussed. The solution is derived by the application of the Laplace transform, the Fourier sine transform and their derivatives. Also, we developed an alternative solution of it by using the Sumudu transform, the Fourier transform and their derivatives. These results are received in compact and graceful forms in terms of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function, which are suitable for numerical computation

A fractional model of fluid flow through porous media with mean capillary pressure

In this paper, we discuss a fractional model arising in flow of two incompatible liquids through homogenous porous media with mean capillary pressure. The solution is derived by the application of the Sumudu transform and the Fourier sine transform. The results are received in compact and graceful forms in terms of the generalized Mittag-Leffler function, which are suitable for numerical computation. The mathematical formulation leads to generalized fractional derivative which has been solved by using a numerical technique by employing the iterative process with the help of appropriate boundary conditions. This problem has great importance in petroleum technology

Climatic factors influencing dengue incidence in an epidemic area of Nepal

Abstract Objective Geographic expansion of dengue incidence has drawn a global interest to identify the influential factors that instigate the spread of this disease. The objective of this study was to find the environmental factors linked to dengue incidence in a dengue epidemic area of Nepal by negative binomial models using climatic factors from 2010 to 2017. Results Minimum temperature at lag 2 months, maximum temperature and relative humidity without lag period significantly affected dengue incidence. Rainfall was not associated with dengue incidence in Chitwan district of Nepal. The incident rate ratio (IRR) of dengue case rise by more than 1% for every unit increase in minimum temperature at lag 2 months, maximum temperature and relative humidity, but decrease by .759% for maximum temperature at lag 3 months. Considering the effect of minimum temperature of previous months on dengue incidence, the vector control and dengue management program should be implemented at least 2 months ahead of dengue outbreak season

The outcome of 100 patients with achalasia cardia following laparoscopic Heller myotomy with blunt dissection technique

Background: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) can be performed by blunt dissection technique (BDT). Only a few studies have assessed long-term outcomes and relief of dysphagia following LHM. The study reviews our long-term experience following LHM by BDT. Methods: This retrospective study was analysed from a prospectively maintained database (from 2013 to 2021) of a single unit of the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery at G. B. Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi. The myotomy was performed by BDT in all patients. A fundoplication was added in selected patients. Post-operative Eckardt score >3 was considered treatment failure. Results: A total of 100 patients underwent surgery during the study period. Of them, 66 patients underwent LHM, 27 underwent LHM with Dor fundoplication and 7 underwent LHM with Toupet fundoplication. The median length of myotomy was 7 cm. The mean operative time was 77 ± 29.27 min and the mean blood loss of 28.05 ± 16.06 ml. Five patients had intraoperative oesophageal perforation. The median length of hospital stay was 2 days. There was no hospital mortality. The post-operative integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was significantly lower than the mean pre-operative IRP (9.78 vs. 24.77). Eleven patients developed treatment failure, of which ten patients presented with recurrence of dysphagia. There was no difference in symptom-free survival amongst various types of achalasia cardia (P = 0.816). Conclusion: LHM performed by BDT has a 90% success rate. Complication using this technique is rare, and recurrence post-surgery can be managed with endoscopic dilatation

A study of clinical profile and outcome of children who presented with status epileptics in the PICU of a tertiary care hospital of central India

Background: Status epileticus is an acute, life threatening neurological emergency that may lead to permanent neurological damage or even death. Status epileticus affects people of all ages, though it is more common and causes greater morbidity and mortality in infants and 1-5 yr age. Method: The Present study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics tertiary care hospital. A total of 105 children were studied. All the children aged between 1 month - 14 year presenting with Status Epileticus , admitted in PICU in department of pediatrics. Data was collected after taking written consent, detailed history in a pretested proforma. Results: Total 105 subjects were included in final analysis out of which 55(52.4%) were male and 50(47.6%) female. Subjects had duration of seizure more than 30 minute at presentation . In our study showed that factors associated with a high risk of mortality in status epilepticus are GI hemorrhage (p value <0.001), significant mortality was observed in subjects who required MV on admission (p value < 0.0001 ) , hypotension (p-value 0.0003), prolonged duration of seizures (p- value 0.015), time taken to control seizures(p- value <0.0001), nutritional status (p value 0.008), infectious etiology(p value 0.0006).and distribution of subjects according to socioeconomic status and outcome also statically significant (p- value <0.0001), 100 % mortality was in super refractory group and 6(60%) mortality was seen in subjects who had not controlled seizure within 24 hour. Conclusion: In this study mortality was associated, risk factors being prolonged duration of seizures, infectious etiology, hypotension, Gastrointestinal hemorrhage and need for mechanical ventilation on admission. Prolong duration of seizures and not respond to AED were major contributing factors

Advancement in the Breeding, Biotechnological and Genomic Tools towards Development of Durable Genetic Resistance against the Rice Blast Disease

Rice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, as the changeable climatic conditions are becoming more conducive to disease outbreaks. The majority of rice diseases cause enormous economic damage and yield instability. Among them, rice blast caused by Magnaportheoryzae is a serious fungal disease and is considered one of the major threats to world rice production. This pathogen can infect the above-ground tissues of rice plants at any growth stage and causes complete crop failure under favorable conditions. Therefore, management of blast disease is essentially required to sustain global food production. When looking at the drawback of chemical management strategy, the development of durable, resistant varieties is one of the most sustainable, economic, and environment-friendly approaches to counter the outbreaks of rice blasts. Interestingly, several blast-resistant rice cultivars have been developed with the help of breeding and biotechnological methods. In addition, 146 R genes have been identified, and 37 among them have been molecularly characterized to date. Further, more than 500 loci have been identified for blast resistance which enhances the resources for developing blast resistance through marker-assisted selection (MAS), marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB), and genome editing tools. Apart from these, a better understanding of rice blast pathogens, the infection process of the pathogen, and the genetics of the immune response of the host plant are very important for the effective management of the blast disease. Further, high throughput phenotyping and disease screening protocols have played significant roles in easy comprehension of the mechanism of disease spread. The present review critically emphasizes the pathogenesis, pathogenomics, screening techniques, traditional and molecular breeding approaches, and transgenic and genome editing tools to develop a broad spectrum and durable resistance against blast disease in rice. The updated and comprehensive information presented in this review would be definitely helpful for the researchers, breeders, and students in the planning and execution of a resistance breeding program in rice against this pathogen

Resistance Evaluation for Native Potato Accessions against Late Blight Disease and Potato Cyst Nematodes by Molecular Markers and Phenotypic Screening in India

The potato originated in southern Peru and north-western Bolivia (South America). However, native accessions have also been cultivated in India for many years. Late blight, caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans, is the most devastating potato disease, while potato cyst nematode (Globodera spp.) (PCN) is another economically significant quarantine-requiring pest in India. In this study, we have generated a new Indian native collection of 94 potato accessions collected from different parts India. These accessions were screened against late blight and potato cyst nematode resistance by using gene-based molecular markers and phenotypic screening methods. Marker assisted selection using R1 gene-specific marker CosA210 revealed a late blight resistance gene in 11 accessions. PCN resistance bands were found in 3 accessions with marker TG689141, 5 accessions with marker 57R452, and 1 accession having Gro1-4-1602 marker for G. rostochiensis (Ro1,4), while 64 accessions amplified marker HC276 indicating G. pallida (Pa2,3) resistance gene (GpaVvrn QTL). On the other hand, phenotypic screening against late blight resistance under natural epiphytic conditions (hot-spot) revealed three accessions with high resistance, while others were resistant (1 accession), moderately resistant (5 accessions), susceptible (29 accessions), and highly susceptible (56 accessions). For G. rostochiensis (golden cyst nematode) and G. pallida (white cyst nematode) resistance, accessions were grouped into highly resistant (3, 3), resistant (0, 2), moderately resistant (6, 29), susceptible (32, 30), and highly susceptible (53, 30), respectively, for the two PCN species. Collectively, we identified promising accessions with high resistance to late blight (JG-1, Kanpuria Safed, and Rangpuria), and also highly resistant to both Globodera species (Garlentic, Jeevan Jyoti, and JG-1). Our findings suggested that these accessions would be useful for late blight and PCN resistance breeding, as well as future molecular studies in potatoes