Perfil do idoso dependente de cuidado domiciliar em comunidades de baixo nível socioeconômico de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul Profile of the elderly individual dependent on home care in low socioeconomic level communities in Porto Alegre in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

O estudo estimou a prevalência de cuidado domiciliar e identificou o perfil demográfico, socioeconômico, comportamental e de saúde dos idosos dependentes. O delineamento transversal e representativo das comunidades Restinga e Extremo Sul, de Porto Alegre (RS), incluiu 638 idosos. O cuidado domiciliar foi definido pela resposta positiva à questão: "O(a) Sr.(a) tem alguém aqui na sua casa para cuidar do(a) Sr(a)?". A prevalência de cuidado domiciliar encontrada foi de 25,4% (IC95%: 22,0; 28,8). Filhos(as) e esposos(as) foram responsáveis pela maioria do cuidado domiciliar prestado a idosos (40,7% e 37,0%, respectivamente). Homens, indivíduos sem companheiro(a), fisicamente inativos, com idade avançada, menor escolaridade e maior nível econômico, incapacidade funcional e que foram hospitalizados no último ano caracterizaram o perfil do idoso dependente. A alta prevalência de cuidado domiciliar serve de subsídio para políticas públicas destinadas a idosos. Dentre todas as características avaliadas, a incapacidade funcional, esteve mais fortemente associada ao cuidado domiciliar.<br>The scope of this study was to estimate the prevalence of home care and to identify the demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral and health profile of dependent elderly individuals. The cross-sectional and representative delineation of the communities of Restinga and Extremo Sul in Porto Alegre in the State of Rio Grande do Sul included 638 elderly individuals. Home care was defined as a positive answer to the following question: "Do you have someone here in your home to take care of you?" The prevalence of home care was 49.5% (95% CI: 44.5; 54.5). Children and spouses were responsible for the majority of home care (40.7% and 37%, respectively). Men, unaccompanied and physically inactive individuals, of advanced age, lower educational level, higher economic level, functionally disabled and who had been hospitalized in the last year characterized the profile of the dependent elderly individual. The high prevalence of home care can serve as input for health services for the elderly. Among all the characteristics, functional disability was the one most closely associated with home care

Ontogenetic shift in dietary preference and low dietary overlap in rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio)in semi-intensive polyculture ponds

In order to investigate ontogenetic changes in diet and diet overlap between rohu (Labeo rohita) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in polyculture ponds, food preferences of different size classes of these fishes were quantified. Rohu diet consisted of both phytoplankton and zooplankton, and there was a distinct ontogenetic shift in the relative importance of these food items. Zooplankton was the dominant food for rohu up to 20.6 cm total length (TL) and then gradually decreased in importance as fish grew. Phytoplankton was initially a minor component of rohu diet but gradually increased in importance and became the dominant food for rohu at 24.2 cm TL. Phytoplankton biovolume in rohu guts was positively correlated with fish size (TL). Chesson’s a indicated that rohu of all sizes preferentially selected Cladocera and avoided Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Young rohu initially preferred Rotifera and Copepoda but gradually switched to Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Common carp diet consisted of phytoplankton, zooplankton,and benthic macroinvertebrates, but was dominated by benthic macroinvertebrates (63–92% of total diet). As common carp grew, the proportion of zooplankton ingested decreased and the proportion of benthic macroinvertebrates increased. Benthic macroinvertebrate biovolume in common carp guts was positively correlated with fish size. Common carp of up to 15.4 cm TL preferentially selected zooplankton, but common carp larger than 18.9 cm TL avoided this food item. Common carp of all sizes avoided phytoplankton. A low dietary overlap was found between rohu and common carp (Schoener overlap index: 0.08–0.35), probably due to ingestion of smaller quantities of zooplankton by the latter. Dietary overlap also decreased with increasing rohu and common carp size because of divergent ontogenetic shifts in dietary preferences of the two species