A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

Unravelling the role of hydrothermal alteration in volcanic flank and sector collapses using combined mineralogical, experimental, and numerical modelling studies

Volcanic flank and sector collapses have been observed at several hundred volcanic edifices worldwide and pose one of the most sudden, destructive and life-threatening volcanic hazards. The study of debris avalanche deposits sourced to volcanic edifice collapses suggests that hydrothermal rock alteration plays a key role in promoting failure but the exact effect of such alteration on the mechanisms leading to edifice instability has yet to be elucidated. The present thesis aims to unravel this issue through combined field works, laboratory analyses and experiments, and numerical modelling studies. Results from field works and laboratory analyses of volcanic debris deposits from Cayambe and Tutupaca volcanoes emphasise the importance of careful mineralogical analyses for correctly interpreting the origin triggering factor of debris flows and debris avalanches in volcanic terrains. Findings from a series of geotechnical measurements performed on variably altered volcanic rocks show that the nature of secondary minerals contained in an altered edifice is a critical factor to take into account when evaluating its stability. Further, numerical modelling studies revealed that mechanical properties of altered rocks are more critical for stability when alteration is situated in the edifice compared to when it is situated within the basement. The low permeability and high water retention capacity of clay-bearing altered rocks have also been found to impact volcanic flank stability by influencing groundwater dynamics and pore pressure distribution within the edifice.(AGRO - Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique) -- UCL, 201

Conception

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Conception de l'artefact, conception du collectif (dynamique d'un processus de conception ouvert et continu dans une communauté de développement de logiciels libres)

PARIS-INETOP/CNAM (751052322) / SudocSudocFranceF

Smectites and zeolites in ash from the 2010 summit eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland

Hydrothermal alteration minerals are often incorporated in volcanic ash from phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity. Here we assess the presence and abundance of such minerals in the ash materials produced during the April- May 2010 initial phreatomagmatic (phase I) and subsequent magmatic (phases II and III) eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano, Iceland. The results of X-ray diffraction analyses reveal significant quantities of smectites (up to 4 wt%, mainly as saponite) and zeolites (up to 7 wt%) in ash from phase I. While a minor amount of smectites (<0.5 wt%) is present in ash from the subsequent weak explosive activity (phase II), both smectites and zeolites are absent in phase III ash. This material was generated following abrupt rejuvenation of explosive activity in the absence of magma-ice/water interaction. Smectites and zeolites in phase I ash result primarily from scouring of altered volcanic rocks in the subsurface, although some may derive also from water-rock interaction within the summit ice cauldrons through which fragmented magma was injected.We show that incorporation of smectites and zeolites in phase I ash can explain its anomalously high specific surface area. Further, the presence of these minerals in ash may enhance its ability to act as ice nuclei as well as favour particle aggregation processes in the volcanic plume/cloud. Finally, the Eyjafjallajökull eruption represents another case in which ash fallout acted as an exogenic source of 2:1-type clay minerals in volcanic soils

The interplay between quality of collaboration, design project evolution and outcome in an architectural design studio

This paper addresses the issue of collaboration dynamics in design by examining, in a longitudinal setting, how quality of collaboration and design co-evolve during a real design studio in architecture. We observed two groups of four students working in a three-month architecture studio setting. Based on a multidimensional method for assessing the quality of collaboration, we investigated the interplay between the design project evolution, design outcomes and the quality of collaboration between the students. The two groups were compared at early, middle and final steps of the project. Results show that dimensions of collaboration evolve independently, and that ?good&apos; collaboration is a cause and a consequence in the rapid progression of the design. In our conclusion, we discuss the links between design projects progression, their outcomes and quality of collaboration, which co-evolve during the session

Online epistemic communities in agriculture to enhance the design of pesticide-free cropping systems

International audienc

Online epistemic communities in agriculture to enhance the design of pesticide-free cropping systems

International audienc