12 research outputs found
Death and the Societies of Late Antiquity
Ce volume bilingue, comprenant un ensemble de 28 contributions disponibles en français et en anglais (dans leur version longue ou abrĂ©gĂ©e), propose dâĂ©tablir un Ă©tat des lieux des rĂ©flexions, recherches et Ă©tudes conduites sur le fait funĂ©raire Ă lâĂ©poque tardo-antique au sein des provinces de lâEmpire romain et sur leurs rĂ©gions limitrophes, afin dâouvrir de nouvelles perspectives sur ses Ă©volutions possibles. Au cours des trois derniĂšres dĂ©cennies, les transformations considĂ©rables des mĂ©thodologies dĂ©ployĂ©es sur le terrain et en laboratoire ont permis un renouveau des questionnements sur les populations et les pratiques funĂ©raires de lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, pĂ©riode marquĂ©e par de multiples changements politiques, sociaux, dĂ©mographiques et culturels. Lâapparition de ce qui a Ă©tĂ© initialement dĂ©signĂ© comme une « Anthropologie de terrain », qui fut le dĂ©but de la dĂ©marche archĂ©othanatologique, puis le rĂ©cent dĂ©veloppement dâapproches collaboratives entre des domaines scientifiques divers (archĂ©othanatologie, biochimie et gĂ©ochimie, gĂ©nĂ©tique, histoire, Ă©pigraphie par exemple) ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©cisives pour le renouvellement des problĂ©matiques dâĂ©tude : rĂ©vision dâanciens concepts comme apparition dâaxes dâanalyse inĂ©dits. Les recherches rassemblĂ©es dans cet ouvrage sont articulĂ©es autour de quatre grands thĂšmes : lâĂ©volution des pratiques funĂ©raires dans le temps, lâidentitĂ© sociale dans la mort, les ensembles funĂ©raires en transformation (organisation et topographie) et les territoires de lâempire (du cĆur aux marges). Ces Ă©tudes proposent un rĂ©examen et une rĂ©vision des donnĂ©es, tant anthropologiques quâarchĂ©ologiques ou historiques sur lâAntiquitĂ© tardive, et rĂ©vĂšlent, Ă cet Ă©gard, une mosaĂŻque de paysages politiques, sociaux et culturels singuliĂšrement riches et complexes. Elles accroissent nos connaissances sur le traitement des dĂ©funts, lâemplacement des aires funĂ©raires ou encore la structure des sĂ©pultures, en rĂ©vĂ©lant une diversitĂ© de pratiques, et permettent au final de relancer la rĂ©flexion sur la maniĂšre dont les sociĂ©tĂ©s tardo-antiques envisagent la mort et sur les Ă©lĂ©ments permettant dâidentifier et de dĂ©finir la diversitĂ© des groupes qui les composent. Elles dĂ©montrent ce faisant que nous pouvons vĂ©ritablement apprĂ©hender les structures culturelles et sociales des communautĂ©s anciennes et leurs potentielles transformations, Ă partir de lâĂ©tude des pratiques funĂ©raires.This bilingual volume proposes to draw up an assessment of the recent research conducted on funerary behavior during Late Antiquity in the provinces of the Roman Empire and on their borders, in order to open new perspectives on its possible developments. The considerable transformations of the methodologies have raised the need for a renewal of the questions on the funerary practices during Late Antiquity, a period marked by multiple political, social, demographic and cultural changes. The emergence field anthropology, which was the beginning of archaeothanatology, and then the recent development of collaborative approaches between various scientific fields (archaeothanatology, biochemistry and geochemistry, genetics, history, epigraphy, for example), have been decisive. The research collected in this book is structured around four main themes: Evolution of funerary practices over time; Social identity through death; Changing burial grounds (organisation and topography); Territories of the Empire (from the heart to the margins). These studies propose a review and a revision of the data, both anthropological and archaeological or historical on Late Antiquity, and reveal a mosaic of political, social, and cultural landscapes singularly rich and complex. In doing so, they demonstrate that we can truly understand the cultural and social structures of ancient communities and their potential transformations, based on the study of funerary practices
Joint inversion of EM and magnetic data for near?surface studies
International audienceMagnetic and electromagnetic measurements are influenced by magnetic susceptibility and, thus, are widely used in geophysical surveys for archeology or pedology. To date, the data inversion is performed separately. A filtering process incorporating both types of data is presented here. After testing the algorithm with synthetic data, the algorithm is used in several case studies in archeological prospecting. This approach presents two advantages: establishing the presence of remanent mag-netizations (viscous or thermoremanent), and achieving more refined depth analysis of the anomaly
Joint inversion of EM and magnetic data for near?surface studies
International audienceMagnetic and electromagnetic measurements are influenced by magnetic susceptibility and, thus, are widely used in geophysical surveys for archeology or pedology. To date, the data inversion is performed separately. A filtering process incorporating both types of data is presented here. After testing the algorithm with synthetic data, the algorithm is used in several case studies in archeological prospecting. This approach presents two advantages: establishing the presence of remanent mag-netizations (viscous or thermoremanent), and achieving more refined depth analysis of the anomaly
Loss of Calmodulin- and Radial-Spoke-Associated Complex Protein CFAP251 Leads to Immotile Spermatozoa Lacking Mitochondria and Infertility in Men
International audienc
PMPCA mutations cause abnormal mitochondrial protein processing in patients with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia
Non-progressive cerebellar ataxias are a rare group of disorders that comprise approximately 10% of static infantile encephalopathies. We report the identification of mutations in PMPCA in 17 patients from four families affected with cerebellar ataxia, including the large Lebanese family previously described with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia and short stature of Norman type and localized to chromosome 9q34 (OMIM #213200). All patients present with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, and the majority have intellectual disability of variable severity. PMPCA encodes α-MPP, the alpha subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase, the primary enzyme responsible for the maturation of the vast majority of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, which is necessary for life at the cellular level. Analysis of lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts from patients homozygous for the PMPCA p.Ala377Thr mutation and carriers demonstrate that the mutation impacts both the level of the alpha subunit encoded by PMPCA and the function of mitochondrial processing peptidase. In particular, this mutation impacts the maturation process of frataxin, the protein which is depleted in Friedreich ataxia. This study represents the first time that defects in PMPCA and mitochondrial processing peptidase have been described in association with a disease phenotype in humans
PMPCA mutations cause abnormal mitochondrial protein processing in patients with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia
International audienceNon-progressive cerebellar ataxias are a rare group of disorders that comprise approximately 10% of static infantile encephalopathies. We report the identification of mutations in PMPCA in 17 patients from four families affected with cerebellar ataxia, including the large Lebanese family previously described with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia and short stature of Norman type and localized to chromosome 9q34 (OMIM #213200). All patients present with non-progressive cerebellar ataxia, and the majority have intellectual disability of variable severity. PMPCA encodes α-MPP, the alpha subunit of mitochondrial processing peptidase, the primary enzyme responsible for the maturation of the vast majority of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins, which is necessary for life at the cellular level. Analysis of lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts from patients homozygous for the PMPCA p.Ala377Thr mutation and carriers demonstrate that the mutation impacts both the level of the alpha subunit encoded by PMPCA and the function of mitochondrial processing peptidase. In particular, this mutation impacts the maturation process of frataxin, the protein which is depleted in Friedreich ataxia. This study represents the first time that defects in PMPCA and mitochondrial processing peptidase have been described in association with a disease phenotype in humans
DĂ©cider en Ă©ducation
Historiens, archivistes, Ă©conomistes, spĂ©cialistes en sciences de lâĂ©ducation ou en langues et cultures Ă©trangĂšres dĂ©composent ici, dans toute leur Ă©paisseur, les Ă©tapes de la prise de dĂ©cision et ses modalitĂ©s dâapplication Ă diffĂ©rentes Ă©poques et dans des contextes gĂ©ographiques et politiques variĂ©s. Ils remettent en cause deux prĂ©supposĂ©s communĂ©ment admis : la rationalitĂ© de la dĂ©cision et sa linĂ©aritĂ©. Avant la prise de dĂ©cision apparaissent des stratĂ©gies, des mĂ©thodes, des dĂ©bats parfois vifs, qui rendent visibles Ă lâhistorien les diffĂ©rents acteurs exerçant des fonctions dâadministration, dâencadrement, ou Ă©tant accueillis dans les structures Ă©ducatives dâune part, et les enjeux, souvent divergents, des parties en prĂ©sence dâautre part. Au final, la norme adoptĂ©e nâest pas obligatoirement appliquĂ©e de façon stricte : la mise en pratique peut diverger de lâintention initiale et des compromis Ă©merger Ă lâĂ©chelle locale ou nationale en fonction dâune hiĂ©rarchisation des prioritĂ©s.This book offers a collective reflection by historians, archivists, economists and specialists in Education science on how decisions were made and implemented in the field of education since the 15th century
De lâuniversitĂ© de Paris aux universitĂ©s dâĂle-de-France
Le dĂ©cret du 21 mars 1970 supprime lâUniversitĂ© de Paris et la scinde en treize universitĂ©s rĂ©parties dans la capitale et en proche banlieue. Cette rupture fondamentale dans lâhistoire de lâenseignement supĂ©rieur a Ă©tĂ© longtemps interprĂ©tĂ©e comme une consĂ©quence de la crise de Mai 1968, permettant Ă lâĂtat de reprendre le contrĂŽle des universitĂ©s parisiennes sous couvert de la proclamation de leur autonomie. Sans minimiser lâimpact de ce traumatisme fondateur, ce livre propose une autre lecture de la naissance des universitĂ©s contemporaines en Ăle-de-France. Sâappuyant sur des recherches rĂ©centes et des approches pluridisciplinaires, il suggĂšre que la transformation de lâUniversitĂ© de Paris rĂ©sulte moins dâun processus inĂ©luctable dont la crise de Mai aurait Ă©tĂ© lâĂ©tincelle, que de logiques plurielles qui sâajustent Ă la charniĂšre des annĂ©es 1960 et 1970. DerriĂšre la dĂ©cision administrative, plusieurs temporalitĂ©s sâenchevĂȘtrent, en fonction des opportunitĂ©s fonciĂšres, de la dĂ©mographie Ă©tudiante mais aussi de lâĂ©volution interne des facultĂ©s voire des recompositions disciplinaires. Au-delĂ des tensions idĂ©ologiques spĂ©cifiques Ă la pĂ©riode du changement, ce sont aussi les logiques de spatialisation des Ă©quipements universitaires qui sont interrogĂ©es ici, Ă lâĂ©chelle de la rĂ©gion parisienne comme Ă celle du paysage architectural et urbain. Le livre permet aussi de revenir sur le quotidien dâune recomposition qui concerne tout autant des institutions, des espaces que des mĂ©thodes de travail. Par lâassociation, la lutte ou le compromis, agents et acteurs touchĂ©s par le dĂ©mantĂšlement dâune universitĂ© nĂ©e au Moyen-Ăge ont dĂ» en effet rĂ©inventer un monde universitaire dans le cadre des institutions issues de la loi Faure de novembre 1968. Au final, ce sont les contours de cette rĂ©invention de lâespace universitaire francilien que ce livre propose de tracer. Il sâagit bien ici de revenir sur un passĂ© rĂ©cent qui nâa pas Ă©tĂ© suffisamment Ă©tudiĂ© mais dont les effets de mĂ©moire sont indĂ©niables sur le temps prĂ©sent. Ce qui sâest jouĂ© au sein de lâUniversitĂ© de Paris depuis les annĂ©es 1950 conditionne aujourdâhui fortement les rapprochements difficiles entre les universitĂ©s parisiennes que le ministĂšre de lâEnseignement supĂ©rieur appelle de ses vĆux depuis le milieu des annĂ©es 2000. Ici comme ailleurs, lâhistoire a vocation Ă Ă©clairer les enjeux de lâactualitĂ©