57 research outputs found
Conception de convertisseurs DC/DC à base de MEMS
La tendance actuelle vers la miniaturisation des circuits électroniques a poussé vers ledéveloppement des systèmes sur puce (SoC : System on Chip) contenant plusieurs composants. Cescomposants réalisant des fonctions variées, ont besoin de différentes tensions d alimentation fourniesà l aide de plusieurs convertisseurs DC/DC connectés à l alimentation du SoC. Actuellement, laplupart des circuits électroniques dans les applications portables contiennent des convertisseursDC/DC conventionnels utilisant une inductance pour stocker transitoirement l énergie électrique.L inductance étant un composant passif difficilement intégrable, ces convertisseurs sontconnectés à l extérieur de la puce. Une alternative aux convertisseurs conventionnels est leconvertisseur à capacités commutés, qui a l avantage d être facilement intégrable sur silicium.Toutefois, il présente des limitations à cause de la dépendance du facteur de conversion avec lenombre de condensateurs. De plus, les pertes inhérentes à la charge et à la décharge descondensateurs font diminuer son rendement. Il est donc intéressant de trouver une nouvellealternative pour concevoir un convertisseur DC/DC compact et performant afin d obtenir un circuitélectronique complètement intégrable sur silicium.Le sujet de cette thèse répond au besoin d une nouvelle méthode de conversion DC/DCintégrable sur silicium et à haut rendement. L idée est d utiliser une capacité variable mécaniquementà la place d une inductance pour stocker l énergie électrique transitoire. Le condensateur variable serafabriqué par des procédés de fabrication de microsystème MEMS sur silicium ce qui permet d intégrerla totalité du convertisseur.Dans ce mémoire, nous expliquons tout d abord le principe et le fonctionnement d un abaisseur etd un élévateur de tension utilisant notre nouvelle approche. Par la suite, nous présentons laconception et la fabrication d'un MEMS adapté à la conversion de tension. Finalement, nousexpliquons notre méthode de contrôle utilisant une commutation à zéro de tension. Le rendement d'unélévateur 10V-20V obtenu par simulation est de l ordre de 88% lorsque la gestion électrique estréalisée avec des composants discrets. Ce rendement très prometteur, devrait être amélioré dans lefutur lorsque tout le système sera intégré sur silicium.Current trends towards miniaturization of electronic circuits had led to the advent of System onChip containing different types of circuits indented to perform different functions. These sub-systemsrequire different supply voltages that are delivered from the SoC supply voltage using several DC/DCconverters. Currently, most of the electronic circuits of portable applications use conventional SMPS(switch mode power supply) DC/DC converters containing an inductor element to stock temporally theelectrical energy.In this case the converter is outside the chip since the integration of the inductor is very difficultand that resistive losses increase when the coil diameter decreases. The alternative to use switchedcapacitor converters, which can be easily integrated on silicon, presents some limitations because ofthe dependence of the required number of capacitors on the conversion ratio, and because ofswitching losses due to the charge and the discharge of the capacitors inducing a decrease of theconversion efficiency. For that reason, it is interesting to develop a new alternative that allows thefabrication of a compact and efficient DC/DC converter in order to get a completely integrated system.This thesis focuses on a novel solution based on electrostatic MEMS in order to make anintegrated DC/DC converter with high efficiency. A mechanically variable capacitor is used instead ofthe inductor element to store the transient electrical energy. The variable capacitor is fabricated byMEMS micromachining process techniques compatible with CMOS process integration.In this work, we explain the principle and the operation of a step down and a step-up converterusing our novel approach through an energetic analysis, we design a MEMS device optimized withrespect to the voltage conversion application, and we present our converter control method using azero voltage switching technique. An efficiency of almost 88% was obtained by simulation of a 10V-20V converter, when the power management circuitry was considered with discrete elements; thisefficiency is promising and could be improved when the whole system will be integrated on silicon.:SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF
Récupération d'Energie Biomécanique et Systèmes Autonomes
National audienceLa récupération d'énergie (Energy Harvesting) est une thématique en plein essor visant à utiliser l'énergie ambiante (lumière, vibrations, gradients thermiques) présente dans l'environnement direct de dispositifs électroniques (capteurs, équipements mobiles) pour les alimenter, de façon à prolonger leur durée de fonctionnement, voire à les rendre totalement autonomes. La récupération d'énergie est généralement mise en œuvre pour alimenter de petits systèmes électroniques tels que des capteurs autonomes communicants pour le transport, l'industrie ou l'habitat du fait des puissances récupérées assez faibles; appliquée au cas de l'Homme, la récupération d'énergie peut atteindre des puissances de plusieurs milliwatts voire de plusieurs watts permettant d'alimenter des systèmes plus complexes tels que des lecteurs MP3, des téléphones portables ou des systèmes de localisation GPS. De nombreuses sources d'énergie présentes dans l'environnement de l'Homme peuvent être exploitées: le soleil, le gradient thermique entre la peau et l'extérieur, la déformation des vêtements, les contraintes dans les chaussures... . Cet article se focalise plus particulièrement sur la récupération d'énergie mécanique issue du corps humain et présente des exemples de dispositifs et d'applications issus de l'état de l'art montrant que la récupération d'énergie est déjà une réalité; et qu'elle permettra sur le plus long terme d'alimenter des dispositifs placés directement à l'intérieur du corps humain tels que des implants médicaux ou des pacemakers
A new inductorless DC-DC piezoelectric flyback converter
International audience—This paper introduces a new kind of piezoelectric DC-DC converter. A ceramic is used as an energy storage element to replace the traditional inductance. Once resonating, the system describes a cycle at each resonance period taking energy to the source, storing it temporarily and transmitting it to the load with soft switching. A resonator suitable for the converter is presented and characterized with an electrical equivalent model. A simulation representing the whole system, gives very attracting results with very high efficiency for different output powers. The converter was tested and fully validated by experimental works. An efficiency of 85 percent was reached for a 10-20 volts step up converter with an output power of 500 milliwatts
Current sensorless individual MPPT control on a cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter
International audienceThis paper presents an advanced current sensorless control strategy for the individual Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on a Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHBMLI) with 21-level (10 H-Bridges). The CHBMLI is controlled by a real-time distributed architecture where each H-Bridge is connected to a single solar panel and is controlled by a local controller. All local controllers communicate with a Master controller through a real-time robust fieldbus. The control scheme, presented in this paper, regulates each solar panel to its own Maximum Power Point (MPP) thus maximizing the harvested energy even with mismatch conditions in the photovoltaic (PV) array. It improves the working of the well-established Perturb & Observe (P&O) method by reducing power oscillations. This increases the MPPT efficiency η MPPT. Furthermore, the local controller estimates the local current of the solar panel by computing a state observer based on physical equations and by taking advantages of locally accessible data. The benefit of this state observer is to suppress the requirement for local current sensors. This leads to reduced costs and simplified local controllers. The proposed method is validated with MATLAB simulation followed by an experimental setup on a 130 V rms grid voltage with 6 individual modules. The experimental results demonstrate that the complete control strategy can be implemented on low cost Micro Controller Unit (MCU)
A New Topology of DC-DC Converter Based On Piezoelectric Resonator
International audienc
Convertisseur DC-DC sans inductance utilisant un transducteur piézoélectrique
National audience—In this paper, a new DC-DC piezoelectric resonant converter is developed. The piezoelectric transducer replaces the inductance of classical power electronics topologies, as an energy storage element. The 6-phases cycle and its synchronized command enables excellent efficiency for various output voltage gains and loads. The transducer must have an excellent quality factor and coupling and is characterized by an electrical equivalent model. A disk shaped ceramic suitable for the application is tested and used in a Matlab/Simulink simulation. This simulation lets to expect excellent results with an efficiency estimated higher than 98% for a 10-20V step-up converter with 0.5W output power
A new non-isolated low power inductorless piezoelectric DC-DC converter
International audienceA new non-isolated low-power inductorless piezoelectric resonant converter is presented. The piezoelectric material is used as an energy storage element like an inductance in a classical Buck-Boost power electronic converter. As opposed to most existing piezoelectric converters, the proposed topology enables to dynamically adjust the output power and ratio keeping a high efficiency for a large range of output powers and for a large range of conversion ratios taking advantage of piezoelectric high quality factor and achieving zero voltage switching. A theoretical analysis of the step-up converter using an energetic approach is introduced and enables a fast and reliable pre-design of the piezoelectric component. This analysis is in perfect agreement with the simulation model performed on Matlab/Simulink. For a given piezoelectric resonator both analytical and simulation models provide very high efficiencies for different output powers. The converter is tested experimentally with a 10 V input voltage using the piezoelectric radial resonance mode. An efficiency higher than 98% for a 160 mW power conversion was achieved, decreasing slowly to 78% at 1.4 W. For a large range of voltage gains, the efficiency remains higher than 90% up to an output power of 750 mW. The experimental results are in perfect agreement with the theoretical analysis until 500 mW
A new inductorless DC-DC piezoelectric flyback converter
International audience—This paper introduces a new kind of piezoelectric DC-DC converter. A ceramic is used as an energy storage element to replace the traditional inductance. Once resonating, the system describes a cycle at each resonance period taking energy to the source, storing it temporarily and transmitting it to the load with soft switching. A resonator suitable for the converter is presented and characterized with an electrical equivalent model. A simulation representing the whole system, gives very attracting results with very high efficiency for different output powers. The converter was tested and fully validated by experimental works. An efficiency of 85 percent was reached for a 10-20 volts step up converter with an output power of 500 milliwatts
Mathematical resolution of a PR-based power converter
International audienceThis paper presents a new method to solve numerically the sequence parameters specific to the use of apiezoelectric resonator in a power converter. Then, the solution is numerically tested into the LTSpice simulator
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