Familial Crisis in the Novels of R. K. Narayan

R. K. Narayan is an award winning author of more than a dozen novels and short stories, instead of these, he is popularly known for his Malgudi Days. He was born on 10th Oct. 1906 in Madras British India (now Chennai Tamil Nadu, India). His full name was Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanswami. The life of R.K Narayan is reflected in all his works. The life of middle-class Indian society is the focus of his most of the novels, and each main character goes through a crisis and transformation of some sort, maybe it is an identity or spiritual one. It is important to note that R. K. Narayan wrote solely on his own experiences as a middle-class Brahmin of the fairly high caste-a privileged position that was not the norm of India

Effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

Background: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem worldwide. It is estimated that about one-third of the world's population is infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. Whilepulmonary tuberculosis is most common presentation; extrapulmonary tuberculosis is also an important clinical problem. CBNAAT is cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test with a well-established role in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). We determined the effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) cases in comparison to AFB smear.Methods: Retrospective study of suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in a tertiary care centre of the study area was conducted. The study period was from January 2017 to July 2018. Data of 166 consecutive suspected extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients was retrieved. Effectiveness of CBNAAT in the diagnosis of EPTB was assessed as compared to that of AFB smear.Results: Samples collected from 166 suspected EPTB patients were subjected to AFB smear and CBNAAT. Samples collected included lymph node, pus, pleural fluid, tissue, CSF, gastric lavage, cystic fluid, peritoneal fluid, ascitic fluid, colonic fluid, synovial fluid, urine. In AFB smear results, 17 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 149 were negative for the same. In CBNAAT results, 25 cases were positive for TB bacilli and 141 cases were negative. In comparative analysis, 8 cases were AFB smear negative but CBNAAT positive.Conclusions: CBNAAT is a useful tool in the diagnosis of EPTB cases because of its simplicity and rapid turnaround time. CBNAAT is more effective as compared to AFB smear in the diagnosis of EPTB cases

Cassandra File System Over Hadoop Distributed File System

Cassandra is an open source distributed database management system is designed to handle large amounts of data across many commodity servers, provides a high availability with no single point of failure. Cassandra will be offering the robust support for clusters spanning multiple data centers with asynchronous masterless replica which allow low latency operations for all the clients. N oSQL data stores target the unstructured data, which nature has dynamic and a key focus area for "Big Data" research. New generation data can prove costly and also unpractical to administer with databases SQL, due to lack of structure, high scalability and needs for the elasticity. N oSQL data stores such as MongoDB and Cassandra provide a desirable platform for fast and efficient for data queries. The Hadoop Distributed File System is one of many different components and projects contained within the community Hadoop ecosystem. The Apache Hadoop project defines Had oop - DFS as "the primary storage system which is used by Hadoop applications" that enables "reliable, extremely rapid computations". This paper was providing high - level overview of how Hadoop - styled analytics (MapReduce, Pig, Mahout and Hive) can be run on data contained in Apache Cassandra wit hout the need for Hadoop - DFS

Study of the bronchoscopic evaluation of patients undergoing bronchoscopy in respiratory medicine department

Background: Bronchoalveolar lavage or BAL is a minimally invasive procedure that involves instillation of sterile normal saline into a subsegment of the lung, followed by suction and collection of the instillation for analysis. This procedure is typically facilitated by the introduction of a flexible bronchoscope into a sub-segment of the lung. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathological variations in the tracheobronchial tree in various respiratory diseases. Methods: The study evaluated the bronchoscopic profile of 150 patients who underwent flexible bronchoscopy in the respiratory medicine department of MGM Medical College in Aurangabad, India from October 2020 to September 2022. Results: The majority of the patients were males (65%) and above the age of 50. The most common reason for bronchoscopy was radiological opacity (80% of cases), followed by diffuse pulmonary infiltration (10%). The study found that bronchoscopy was useful in obtaining samples for diagnosis of various respiratory diseases, including malignancies, tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, and hematological malignancies. The study also noted the therapeutic utility of bronchoscopy in managing inoperable stenosis of the central airways. Conclusions: The authors concluded that bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of pulmonary diseases

Prevalence of obstructive airway disease in pulmonary function tests of patients visiting respiratory medicine out patient department

Background: The recognition of obstructive airway disease as a public health problem, however, has failed to keep pace with its increasing impact on health-care resources. This study is conducted to evaluate the prevalence of obstructive airway disease in pulmonary function tests (PFT) of patients visiting respiratory medicine out patient department (OPD). Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients from October 2020 to September 2022 (2 years), on 80 subjects reporting to respiratory medicine OPD, MGM medical college, Aurangabad. Data collected from 80 subjects who were diagnosed with obstructive airway disease in PFT. Results: The study population had a COPD prevalence of 16 (19.7%). GOLD criterion revealed that 54.2% (9/16) of COPD patients had mild COPD. This research showed no evidence of very severe COPD. In terms of gender distribution, 8 (16.6%) of 46 males and 7 (19.5%) of 34 women had COPD. However, there was no statistically significant (p=0.167) difference in COPD prevalence between sexes. Furthermore, univariable analysis revealed no significant differences in marital status (p=0.836), co-morbidities (p=0.541), family size (p=0.535), educational status (p=0.827), employment status (p=0.643), and medical visits (p=0.366) between persons with and without COPD. Conclusions: According to the findings of this research, the variables that increase a person's likelihood of developing COPD are as follows: advancing age, prolonged exposure to smoke from biomass burning, tobacco use, and inadequate ventilation in the kitchen

Study of the clinical profile and treatment outcome of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients coming to respiratory medicine OPD

Background: The major risk factors for development of tuberculosis are extremes of age, malnutrition, overcrowding and immune deficient states like AIDS, diabetes mellitus, measles, whooping cough and leukaemia. Chronic malaria and worm infestation are less important risk factors. Tobacco smoking, high alcohol consumption, corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive drug therapy reduce body defences there by increasing the susceptibility to tuberculous infection. This study was undertaken to analyse the various clinical presentations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients from October 2020 to September 2022 (2 years). Data collected from 300 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis visited. The subjects were divided into subjects who had pulmonary TB (PTB), and who had extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). Results: The most common systemic disorders accompanying EPTB were DM (n=11; 8.8%) and chronic renal failure (n=8; 6.4%); while DM (n=16; 9.1%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=13; 7.4%) were those detected frequently in PTB group. Conclusions: Present study showed higher percentage of males and greater predominance of pulmonary TB. It is also observed high percentage extrapulmonary TB. High percentage of positive treatment outcomes with fewer relapses and failures was observed in this study. A high positive treatment outcome noted may be attributed to the availability of specialist doctors and diagnostic facilities in the tertiary care centre

Pattern of prescription and drug use in psychiatry out patient department of private practitioners of Central India

Background: Psychotropic drugs have had a remarkable impact in psychiatric practice. The continuous monitoring of prescription and drug utilization studies may help to identify the problem involved in therapeutic decision and promote rational prescribing. Very few studies from India have evaluated the prescription pattern of Psychiatrists. Present study was undertaken to analyze the prescription pattern and drug used in psychiatric Out Patients of private practitioners of Central India.Methods: One thousand prescriptions were collected by undergraduate students from chemist and analysed. Study parameter like demographic profile of patients viz. age, sex, diagnosis were recorded. Basic drug indicators, the prescribing pattern of antipsychotics and other categories of drugs were also recorded. The most common and, top brands of anti psychotics were analyzed .Inappropriate prescription if any were recorded and analyzed further.Result: The most common psychotropic drugs were anti-anxiety in 361(36.1%) and antidepressants 130 (13%) prescribed for various psychiatric disorder. Usage of Sedative Hypnotics 104(10.4%), anti-psychotics 90(9%) and anticonvulsants 80 (8%) drugs in prescriptions. The incidence of polypharmacy (22%) was common occurrence in prescriptions. The commonest combination prescribed was of tricyclic antidepressant with benzodiazepines. Central anti-cholinergic was commonly prescribed with anti psychotics.Conclusions: Anti-anxiety drug (benzodiazepines) was the most frequently prescribed class of psychotropic drugs in various psychiatry disorders. The prescribing prevalence of Alprazolam with different brand names was more than that of other benzodiazepines. The combination of different psychotropic drugs were also prescribed

Laparoscopic Removal of Pelvic Hydatid Cysts in Young Female: A Case Report

Hydatid disease is a zoonotic infection caused by larval stages of dog tapeworms belonging to the genus Echinococcus (family taeniidae) and is also referred to as echinococcosis. Human cystic echinococcosis caused by E. granulosus is the most common presentation and probably accounts for more than 95% of the estimated 2-3 million annual worldwide cases. The liver (70–80%) and lungs (15–25%) are the most frequent locations for echinococcal cysts. The diagnosis is made through the combined assessment of clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. The treatment is mainly surgical, and, with appropriate diagnosis and treatment, prognosis is good. With advances and increasing experience in laparoscopic surgery, many more attempts have been made to offer the advantage of such a procedure to these patients (Chowbey et al. (2003))

Functional dissection of the catalytic carboxyl-terminal domain of Origin Recognition Complex Subunit 1 (PfORC1) of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum

Origin Recognition Complex subunit 1 (ORC1) is essential for DNA replication in eukaryotes. The deadly human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum contains an ORC1/CDC6 homolog with several interesting domains at the catalytic carboxyl-terminal region that include a putative nucleoside triphosphate-binding and hydrolysis domain, a putative PCNA-Interacting-Protein (PIP) motif and an extreme C-terminal region that shows poor homology with other ORC1 homologs. Due to the unavailability of a dependable inducible gene expression system, it is difficult to study the structure and function of essential genes in Plasmodium. Using a genetic yeast complementation system and biochemical experiments, here we show that the putative PIP domain in ORC1 that facilitates in vitro physical interaction with PCNA is functional in both yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Plasmodium in vivo, confirming its essential biological role in eukaryotes. Furthermore, despite having less sequence homology, the extreme C-terminal region can be swapped between S. cerevisiae and P. falciparum and it binds to DNA directly, suggesting a conserved role of this region in DNA replication. These results not only provide us a useful system to study the function of the essential genes in Plasmodium, they help us to identify the previously undiscovered unique features of replication proteins in general