Influence d'un didacticiel en traitement de données comptables sur la pensée opératoire d'élèves du secteur professionnel en en [sic] commerce et secrétariat de niveau secondaire IV, V et V intensif (15 ans et plus)

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 201

Salvador de Bahia : Réflexions sur une cité mystique à résoudre

En fonction de l’importance prédominante du Brésil en Amérique latine, comme pays en voie de développement (Mauro, 1975 : 77-87), et de son potentiel de ressources naturelles riches et diversifiées, l'analyse de la ville de Salvador de Bahia au nord-est du Brésil exige une mise en relation incontournable des dimensions historiques, coloniales et sociologiques dans la compréhension du pluralisme de la réalité brésilienne. Cet article dépeint quelques caractéristiques urbaines de la ville de Salvador et questionne sa particularité sociale contradictoire au-delà des limites physiologiques et des facteurs ambiants de la cité. Malgré la montée industrielle rapide des années 1950 du triangle Belo Horizonte, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, l’activité économique de Salvador n’est plus nécessairement soumise simplement au cycle de production du sucre, du coton ou de la viande et au commerce international. Un éventuel regain (hydroélectricité, voies de communications, irrigation) dans la partie nord, celle du Sertão (région de grandes promesses) environnant les rives du Rio São Francisco pourrait lui redonner cette vitalité naguère perdue comme centre de redistribution agricole. Le temps joue en sa faveur et l’industrie lourde n’est peut-être pas le moteur éventuel du renouvellement, mais un gain significatif dans le secteur industriel de pointe et le secteur tertiaire (commercial, administratif, social, environnement) à la fois protégerait sa spécificité et assurerait son développement durable. L’émancipation économique de Salvador représenterait une réussite non seulement pour le Brésil, mais un enrichissement de la communauté internationale

LA FORMATION DES TERRITOIRES: Le Brésil et le Canada (A FORMAÇÃO DOS TERRITÓRIOS: o Brasil e o Canadá)

Para valorizar o aspecto social do território, esse artigo propõe um estudo comparativo para ilustrar as possibilidades da análise regional comparativa a partir dos conjuntos nacionais, como o Brasil e o Canadá. A territorialização se funde não necessariamente sobre os recursos naturais, mas sobre a legitimidade cultural (a proteção do espaço vivido e explorado), do espaço histórico, do apego aos lugares, das diferenças geográficas e sociológicas. As noções contemporâneas de desenvolvimento sustentável e de governança territorial para analisar a perenidade dos recursos do território regional se revelam vias apropriadas como instrumento de análise

L’APPROCHE QUANTITATIVE ET QUALITATIVE DANS LES ÉTUDES DU DÉVELOPPEMENT REGIONAL

Este artigo faz uma análise critica das observações quantitativas e qualitativas, principalmente nos estudos do desenvolvimento regional. Ele reflete  sobre a influência da visão de mundo do pesquisador na escolha do método de análise. Os métodos quantitativos e qualitativos parecem complementares, principalmente no estudo do desenvolvimento regional. Os métodos quantitativos deixam sempre um resíduo a esclarecer para uma classificação qualitativa dos fatores psicosociais. As formas de análise de classes psicológicas exigem uma interpretação apurada, em função dos espaços, dos grupos, das ideologias do pesquisador e das suas concepções teóricas sobre a realidade, principalmente socioeconômica

Pea3 transcription factor cooperates with USF-1 in regulation of the murine bax transcription without binding to an Ets-binding site

The Pea3 transcription factor (which belongs to the PEA3 group) from the Ets family has been shown to be involved in mammary embryogenesis and oncogenesis. However, except for proteinases, only few of its target genes have been reported. In the present report, we identified bax as a Pea3 up-regulated gene. We provide evidence of this regulation by using Pea3 overexpression and Pea3 silencing in a mammary cell line. Both Pea3 and Erm, another member of the PEA3 group, are able to transactivate bax promoter fragments. Although the minimal Pea3-regulated bax promoter does not contain an Ets-binding site, two functional upstream stimulatory factor-regulated E boxes are present. We further demonstrate the ability of Pea3 and USF-1 to cooperate for the transactivation of the bax promoter, mutation of the E boxes dramatically reducing the Pea3 transactivation potential. Although Pea3 did not directly bind to the minimal bax promoter, we provide evidence that USF-1 could form a ternary complex with Pea3 and DNA. Taken together, our results suggest that Pea3 may regulate bax transcription via the interaction with USF-1 but without binding to DNA.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Expression patterns of the Ets transcription factors from the PEA3 group during early stages of mouse development

erm, er81 and pea3 are three related genes that define a novel Ets-related subfamily of transcription factors. The expression patterns of these genes has been previously characterized in the mouse from embryonic day (E) 9.5 to birth (Oncogene 15 (1997) 937). In this study, we report differential expression patterns of the PEA3 group genes during early mouse post-implantation development. erm and pea3 expression patterns were partly overlapping. erm was activated prior to pea3 in the distal tip of the embryonic epiblast but, at primitive streak-stages, both genes were coexpressed in the posterior region of the embryo in epiblast, primitive streak and adjacent mesoderm. Similar erm and pea3 expression patterns were seen later in posterior neural plate, presomitic and lateral mesoderm, mesonephros, and tail bud. Only erm, however, was expressed in specific brain regions corresponding to prospective midbrain and ventral forebrain. erm was also strongly expressed as early as E8 in the developing branchial region, especially at the level of branchial pouches, whereas pea3 transcripts appeared later in frontonasal and first arch mesenchyme. er81 transcripts were not detected prior to E9.0-9.5, suggesting that this gene may not be involved in early developmental events. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

PEA3 transcription factors are expressed in tissues undergoing branching morphogenesis and promote formation of duct-like structures by mammary epithelial cells in vitro

The genetic program that controls reciprocal tissue interactions during epithelial organogenesis is still poorly understood. Erm, Er81 and Pea3 are three highly related transcription factors belonging to the Ets family, within which they form the PEA3 group. Little information is yet available regarding the function of these transcription factors. We have previously used in situ hybridization to compare their expression pattern during critical stages of murine embryogenesis [Oncogene 15 (1997), 937; Mech. Dev. 108 (2001), 191]. In this study, we have examined the expression of PEA3 group members during organogenesis of the lung, salivary gland, kidney, and mammary gland. In all of these developmental settings, we observed a tight correlation between branching morphogenesis and the expression of specific members of the PEA3 group. To assess the functional relevance of these findings, Erm and Pea3 were overexpressed in the TAC-2.1 mammary epithelial cell line, which has the ability to form branching duct-like structures when grown in collagen gels. We found that overexpression of Erm and Pea3 markedly enhances branching tubulogenesis of TAC-2.1 cells and also promotes their invasion into a collagen matrix. Collectively, these findings suggest that the differential expression of PEA3 group transcription factors has an important role in the regulation of branching morphogenesis and raise the question of their implication in branching signaling. © 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Prognostic value of ERM gene expression in human primary breast cancers

We measured the expression of ERM gene, a nuclear transcription factor belonging to the ets family, in a series of 364 unselected primary breast cancers from patients who underwent locoregional surgery in the Centre Oscar Lambret between May 1989 and December 1991. The expression of ERM was quantified with a real-time one-step reverse transcription-PCR assay based on the 5′-nuclease activity of the TaqDNA polymerase and with an Abi Prism 7700 Sequence Detector System (Applied Biosystems, Courtaboeuf, France). ERM was positively correlated (Spearman test) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; P < 0.001, r = 0.296) and to histoprognostic grading (P = 0.044, r = 0.112), whereas it was negatively correlated to estradiol receptors (P = 0.019, r = -0.124), HER3 (c-erbB-3; P = 0.01, r = -0.135), and HER4 (c-erbB-4; P = 0.003, r = -0.154). Using the χ2 test, a positive relationship was found between the expression of ERM and EGFR (χ2 = 7.795, P = 0.007). In overall survival studies, Cox univariate analyses demonstrated a prognostic value of ERM (P = 0.006; risk ratio, 2.95) besides the classical prognostic factors histoprognostic grading, node involvement, tumor size, estradiol receptors, progesterone receptors, EGFR, HER3, and HER4. In multivariate analyses, ERM preserved its prognostic value (P = 0.004; risk ratio, 3.779) together with histoprognostic grading, tumor size, estradiol receptors, and progesterone receptors. In relapse-free survival studies, univariate analyses demonstrated that histoprognostic grading, node involvement, tumor size, and HER4 were prognostic factors. These parameters, except histoprognostic grading, retained their prognostic value in multivariate analyses. This study demonstrates for the first time that ERM gene expression is an independent adverse prognostic factor for overall survival in breast cancer patients.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe