Ramsey numbers for partially-ordered sets

We present a refinement of Ramsey numbers by considering graphs with a partial ordering on their vertices. This is a natural extension of the ordered Ramsey numbers. We formalize situations in which we can use arbitrary families of partially-ordered sets to form host graphs for Ramsey problems. We explore connections to well studied Tur\'an-type problems in partially-ordered sets, particularly those in the Boolean lattice. We find a strong difference between Ramsey numbers on the Boolean lattice and ordered Ramsey numbers when the partial ordering on the graphs have large antichains.Comment: 18 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl

Increasing Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Cultural Competence Among Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Students: An Educational Simulation Intervention (ESI)

Abstract There is a lack of knowledge surrounding the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community among Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students. Evidence has proven simulation to be an effective method to increase knowledge and awareness among healthcare providers. This DNP project aimed to assess BSN students’ LGBTQ cultural competence using an educational simulation intervention. Utilizing an educational simulation intervention was an effective way of providing education to nursing students to increase their LGBTQ cultural competence. This project aimed to improve the cultural competency among BSN students related to LGBTQ individuals using simulation as an intervention. Madeleine Leininger’s Cultural Care of Diversity and Universality theory was used to guide the implementation of the research. Students completed a baseline cultural competence scale prior to the educational simulation intervention. A modified National League of Nursing (NLN) standardized patient simulation was facilitated as the students encountered an LGBTQ patient. Upon completing the educational simulation intervention, students completed the same cultural competency scale so scores could be evaluated for cultural competency. The clinical questions revealed that the educational simulation intervention improved cultural competence scores when comparing baseline scores to post-intervention scores. The higher cultural competency scores were associated with decreased therapeutic communication scores. Overall, the project demonstrated that utilizing an educational simulation intervention is an effective method of educating students on the LGBTQ population. Keywords: LGBTQ, BSN, QYCC, educational simulation intervention, therapeutic communicatio

Ordered Ramsey numbers of loose paths and matchings

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$ with vertex set $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, the ordered Ramsey number $\operatorname{OR}_t(G)$ is the least integer $N$ such that every $t$-coloring of the edges of the complete $k$-uniform graph on vertex set $\{1,\ldots,N\}$ contains a monochromatic copy of $G$ whose vertices follow the prescribed order. Due to this added order restriction, the ordered Ramsey numbers can be much larger than the usual graph Ramsey numbers. We determine that the ordered Ramsey numbers of loose paths under a monotone order grows as a tower of height one less than the maximum degree. We also extend theorems of Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov [Ordered Ramsey numbers, arXiv:1410.5292] on the ordered Ramsey numbers of 2-uniform matchings to provide upper bounds on the ordered Ramsey number of $k$-uniform matchings under certain orderings.Comment: 13 page

The Replacement of the Brent Spence Bridge: Tolls, Commuting Patterns and Economic Activity in Northern Kentucky

Executive Summary: In this report, we investigate the impact of proposed tolls levied on users of the replacement for the Brent Spence Bridge, including impacts on commuting patterns and overall economic activity in Northern Kentucky. Overall, consistent with economic literature, the economic impact of the improved bridge will be positive and the toll, while slightly mitigating that impact, is likely to have only small effects on commuting patterns, trucking and retail and food service industries. We estimate that the net impact of the new bridge and the toll under our estimated likely scenarios would reduce commuter traffic by less than 2%, and possibly increase traffic by 1%. We estimate that the net impact of the new bridge and the toll under our likely scenarios would decrease trucking by less than 3% for trips made over the bridge: only a portion of overall trucking in the region. Our results suggest that while there may be some over-river shopping in Northern Kentucky, there are also consumers in Northern Kentucky shopping in Cincinnati: while the toll may reduce trips, it is unlikely to have an impact on retail or accommodation and food service in the region. We were also asked to investigate the impact of the Davis-Bacon act on the overall cost of the bridge. We find that the construction costs may be 10 to 15% higher due to Davis-Bacon wage requirements

Export Strength and Opportunities for Kentucky Industries

Executive Summary: This project\u27s primary goal is to quantify export strengths and opportunities in Kentucky industries. We measure export strength as the relative dollar value of exports per worker in four digit industries using U.S. dollar value of exports per worker as the base. Tables were prepared for total exports and a selection of 50 countries representing 98.5% of Kentucky exports and 93.2% of U.S. exports. In addition to the export index, a measure of industry strength based upon labor and comparisons to regional competitor states is provided. Industries with a low index value, either overall or for specific countries, present opportunities for exports as they reflect low exports relative to the rest of the country and controlling for industry strength and overall U.S. exports of that industry to that country. Industries with a low industry strength index may be opportunities for Kentucky Economic Development Cabinet intervention. These smaller industries may lack resources necessary to establish trading agreements. Broad intervention on the part of the Cabinet may overcome this lack of resources and lead to higher exports and industry growth. Some focus on the dollar value of exports per worker is warranted and these data are provided for the U.S. as a whole. These industries may present opportunities for high dollar value exports, which can lead to higher wages for workers

Aircraft Cabin Air Sampling Study; Part 2 of the Final Report

This is the second part of the report on aircraft cabin air quality prepared by Cranfield University for the Department for Transport. The study was set up in light of concerns about possible adverse impacts on the health and well-being of air crew resulting from exposure to substances in cabin air. Part 1 of the report describes in detail the methodology used in the study, summarises the results obtained and assesses cabin air quality against available exposure limits and the quality of air encountered in domestic settings. This second part comprises principally a record of the data obtained on individual flight sectors

Investigating the roles of the extracellular matrix in zebrafish heart morphogenesis

Tissue morphogenesis requires co-ordination of changes in cell shape, gene expression and the integration of both intrinsic and extrinsic patterning cues. One such example of a complex tissue morphogenesis is the asymmetric looping of the linear heart tube during embryogenesis. Heart looping is required for the correct alignment of the chambers to facilitate septation, chamber ballooning and subsequent connection to the rest of the cardiovascular system. The necessity for robust heart morphogenesis is evident in the prevalence of congenital heart diseases which occur in around 1% of live births, and are the leading cause of birth defect-related deaths worldwide. Most organ systems, including the heart are composed of distinct tissue types with specialised functions: during cardiac development, the heart tube comprises an outer layer of contractile myocardium surrounding a specialised endothelial cell layer known as the endocardium. During heart looping both the myocardial and endocardial tissue layers undergo distinct morphogenetic changes, and each play important roles in providing temporal and spatial signals to the other, together driving robust early cardiac morphogenesis. Separating the myocardium and endocardium is a specialised extracellular matrix (ECM) termed the cardiac jelly. Numerous studies have highlighted the importance of the cardiac jelly during later stages of heart development, however little work since its initial characterisation has investigated the mechanisms by which this ECM promotes asymmetric heart morphogenesis. In this thesis I highlight the pivotal and previously underappreciated role of the embryonic cardiac jelly in promoting distinct aspects of cardiac morphogenesis in zebrafish. Common to all ECMs are the large, heterotrimeric Laminin complexes, secreted early during ECM deposition. I first identify and characterise the expression of multiple different Laminin subunits in the heart at the onset of heart looping and go on to show a broad requirement for Laminins in promoting cardiac morphogenesis. Subsequently, I identify the specific Laminin isoforms which are required during heart development and uncover two distinct roles for Laminins: promoting asymmetric morphogenesis and restricting cardiac size. Secondly, I uncover an asymmetry in the embryonic cardiac jelly, prior to the initiation of heart looping morphogenesis (which correlates with the expression of an ECM-modifying gene). I show that the cardiac ECM is rich in the Proteoglycan Hyaluronic Acid and that chamber-specific regionalisation of the ECM is required to promote heart morphogenesis. Together, this work demonstrates that the constituents of the embryonic cardiac jelly and their regionalised expression are critical in promoting the robust, asymmetric morphogenesis of the linear heart during embryonic development