Biodiversidad exportada y regiones transformadas: naturaleza, comercio y dinámica regional en Costa Rica (1884-1948)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivos centrales, por un lado, visibilizar, desde una perspectiva socioambiental, y valiéndose de referentes teóricos como la Economía Ecológica, el papel de los “bienes” de explotación extractiva –con especial atención a los recursos naturales bióticos- en la inserción directa de la naturaleza “costarricense” en el mercado mundial, y por otro, dar cuenta del carácter regionalmente diferenciado de la presión económica de este último sobre los diversos ecosistemas del país en la era del “progreso” liberal, ambas cosas, vale decir, frecuentemente inadvertidas en el análisis de las magnitudes macroeconómicas en perspectiva histórica. El trabajohará énfasis en la dinámica comercial de las “maderas preciosas”, mayoritariamente extraídas del bosque caducifolio característico del Pacífico Norte del país, esperando que futuras investigaciones profundicen en la comercialización de otros recursos bióticos y sus consecuencias ecológicas y ambientale

La conquista "imaginada" : percepción ambiental e interacciones culturales en la conquista centroamericana. El caso de Fernández de Oviedo y el entorno natural centroamericano. 1529-1548

El autor analiza la percepción ambiental de las descripciones de Fernández de Oviedo. Incide en el grado de objetividad-realidad/subjetividad-idealización de la naturaleza centroamericana centrandose para ello en aspectos como la "hispanización"del entorno o el "eurocentrismo" de la interpretación.L'autor analitza la percepció ambiental de las descripciones de Fernández de Oviedo. Incideix en el grau d'objectivitat-realitat/subjectivitat-idealització de la natura centreamericana centrant-se en aspectes com la "hispanització" de l'entorn o l'"eurocentrisme" de la interpretació.The author focus on the environmental thought in Fernández de Oviedo. Analises the objectivity-reality/subjectivity-idealisation in the book and focus on the spanish and european view influency

The Politics of Institutional Renovation and Economic Upgrading: Lessons from the Argentine Wine Industry

Through a comparative, longitudinal analysis of the wine industry in two Argentine provinces, this article examines how different political approaches to reform shape the ability of societies to build new institutions for economic upgrading. The article finds that inherited structural factors per se can not easily explain the different solutions to this challenge. A better explanation focuses on how governments confront the dual challenge of redefining the boundary between the public and private domains and of recombining the socio-economic ties among relevant firms and their respective business associations. A “depoliticization” approach emphasizes the imposition of arm’s-length incentives by a powerful, insulated government, but appears to contribute little to institutional change and upgrading. A “participatory restructuring” approach promotes the creation of public-private institutions via adherence to two key principles: a) inclusion of a wide variety of relevant stakeholder groups and b) rules of deliberative governance that promote collective problem-solving. This latter approach appears to have the advantage of facilitating collaboration and knowledge creation among previously antagonistic groups, including government.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/57197/1/wp817 .pd

Mapping the evolving landscape of child-computer interaction research: structures and processes of knowledge (re)production

Implementing an iterative sequential mixed methods design (Quantitative → Qualitative → Quantitative) framed within a sociology of knowledge approach to discourse, this study offers an account of the structure of the field of Child-Computer Interaction (CCI), its development over time, and the practices through which researchers have (re)structured knowledge comprising the field. Thematic structure of knowledge within the field, and its evolution over time, is quantified through implementation of a Correlated Topic Model (CTM), an automated inductive content analysis method, in analysing 4,771 CCI research papers published between 2003 and 2021. Detailed understanding of practices through which researchers (re)structure knowledge within the field, including factors influencing these practices, is obtained through thematic analysis of online workshops involving prominent contributors to the field (n=7). Strategic practices utilised by researchers in negotiating tensions impeding integration of novel concepts in the field are investigated through analysis of semantic features of retrieved papers using linear and negative binomial regression models. Contributing an extensive mapping, results portray the field of CCI as a varied research landscape, comprising 48 major themes of study, which has evolved dynamically over time. Research priorities throughout the field have been subject to influence from a range of endogenous and exogenous factors which researchers actively negotiate through research and publication practices. Tacitly structuring research practices, these factors have broadly sustained a technology-driven, novelty-dominated paradigm throughout the field which has failed to substantively progress cumulative knowledge. Through strategic negotiation of persistent tensions arising as consequence of these factors, researchers have nonetheless affected structural change within the field, contributing to a shift towards a user needs-driven agenda and progression of knowledge therein. Findings demonstrate that the field of CCI is proceeding through an intermediary phase in maturation, forming an increasingly distinct disciplinary shape and identity through the cumulative structuring effect of community members’ continued negotiation of tensions

The Politics of Institutional Renovation and Economic Upgrading: Lessons from the Argentine Wine Industry

Through a comparative, longitudinal analysis of the wine industry in two Argentine provinces, this article examines how different political approaches to reform shape the ability of societies to build new institutions for economic upgrading. The article finds that inherited structural factors per se can not easily explain the different solutions to this challenge. A better explanation focuses on how governments confront the dual challenge of redefining the boundary between the public and private domains and of recombining the socio-economic ties among relevant firms and their respective business associations. A “depoliticization” approach emphasizes the imposition of arm’s-length incentives by a powerful, insulated government, but appears to contribute little to institutional change and upgrading. A “participatory restructuring” approach promotes the creation of public-private institutions via adherence to two key principles: a) inclusion of a wide variety of relevant stakeholder groups and b) rules of deliberative governance that promote collective problem-solving. This latter approach appears to have the advantage of facilitating collaboration and knowledge creation among previously antagonistic groups, including government.institutions, networks, upgrading, Latin America, industrial policy

Granite petrogenesis and crustal evolution studies in the Damara Pan-African orogenic belt, Namibia

Major and trace element data for Damara granitoids distinguish three geochemically distinct granitoid groups, - crustal-melt granitoids, calc-alkaline granitoids and within-plate granitoids. The overwhelming majority of the Oamara granitoids are peraluminous crustal-melt leucogranites which have elevated 87Sr/86Sr ratios (> 0.710) and old model Nd ages (~ 2.0 Ga). Calc-alkaline diorites are metaluminous and have the lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.704 - 0.707) and model Nd ages (OM) in the range 1.1 -1.7 Ga. Within-plate granitoids are characterised by elevated high-field strength (HFS) abundances and have model Nd ages (OM) in the range 1.1 - 1.6 Ga. All Damara granitoids have model Nd ages (OM) older than about 1.0 Ga suggesting that intracrustal reworking was the dominant process and crustal growth was negligible. Damara granitoids define a hyperbola on an ∈ Sr vs. ∈ Nd diagram but cannot be modelled as simple binary mixtures between old continental crust and depleted mantle end-members. An episodic intracrustal remobilisation model is proposed to explain the hyperbola defined by granitoid data on an ∈ Sr vs. ∈ Nd diagram. Within the 10 km thick Damara metasedimentary pile 87Sr/86Sr ratios increase systematically with depth. This trend is accompanied by a decrease in 143Nd/144Nd ratios. Model Nd ages (CHUR) for the stratigraphically oldest Damara metasediments (Nosib Group) are about 2.0 Ga whereas the younger metasediments (Kuiseb Formation and Nama Group) have model Nd ages (CHUR) about 1.0 Ga reflecting sediment input from younger source terrains. The ratio of model ages (TNdCHUR/TSrBE) is used as an index of intracrustal reworking since it provides a measure of Rb/Sr fractionation (increases) relative to SmlNd fractionation. The older Damara metasediments (Nosib Group) have the highest model age ratios suggesting that their source terrains have suffered the largest amount of intracrustal reworking. However, the rate of intracrustal reworking was greatest in source terrains sampled by the younger Damara metasediments (Kuiseb Formation and Nama Group). This suggests that the rate of intracrustal reworking increased through time in the interval (2.0 - 1.0 Ga) in this segment of continental crust