State-of-the-art software for K & N correlation to generate capillary pressure curves under different wettability conditions

Uzorci jezgre dobiveni bušenjem obično nisu pravi pokazatelj stanja ležišta zbog prodora filtrata isplake. Prodor može izazvati promjene močivosti, što utječe na kapilarni tlak. Kako bi se dobili podaci o kapilarnome tlaku koji je stvaran pokazatelj ležišta, razvijen je set korelacija uz čiju se primjenu mogu generirati krivulje pri bilo kojoj močivosti ako su poznati laboratorijski podaci za svaki uvjet močivosti. Da bi se olakšala uporaba razvijenoga seta korelacija razvijen je i software koji se koristi posljednjim dostignućima programiranja u Visual Basicu.Core samples obtained while drilling are usually not true representative of the reservoir due to invasion of mud filtrate. Invasion can lead to wettability alterations affecting the capillary pressure. So to have a capillary pressure data which is true representative of the reservoir, set of correlations has been developed, capable of generating the curves at any wettability, when the laboratory data at any wettability condition(s) is known. To ease the use of developed set of correlations, software has also been developed by accomplishing state-of-the-art programming in Visual Basic

Wettability – Interpreting the Myth

Močivost igra važnu ulogu u početnoj distribuciji fluida, gibanju fluida, kao i pri istiskivanju jednog fluida drugim fluidom unutar ležišta. Močivost ležišta može se kretati u rasponu od ekstremno hidrofilnog do ekstremno hidrofobnog. U času otkrića ležišta močivost u pojedinim dijelovima može biti različita i može se mijenjati tijekom vremena. Da bismo pravilno shvatili ponašanje procesa istiskivanja nafte vrlo je važno razumjeti koji tip močivosti djeluje u ležištu kako bismo optimizirali nadzor ležišta.Wettability plays a significant role in the initial distribution of fluids, movement of fluids and as well as the displacement of one fluid by another, within the reservoir. Reservoirs wettability can range from extremely water-wet to extremely oil-wet. Wettability might be different in different parts of the reservoir at the time of discovery and can even change with the passage of time. So to properly understand the displacement behavior within the reservoir proper understanding of the type of wettability existing within a reservoir is very important, for optimized reservoir surveillance

State-of-the-art software for K & N correlation to generate capillary pressure curves under different wettability conditions

Uzorci jezgre dobiveni bušenjem obično nisu pravi pokazatelj stanja ležišta zbog prodora filtrata isplake. Prodor može izazvati promjene močivosti, što utječe na kapilarni tlak. Kako bi se dobili podaci o kapilarnome tlaku koji je stvaran pokazatelj ležišta, razvijen je set korelacija uz čiju se primjenu mogu generirati krivulje pri bilo kojoj močivosti ako su poznati laboratorijski podaci za svaki uvjet močivosti. Da bi se olakšala uporaba razvijenoga seta korelacija razvijen je i software koji se koristi posljednjim dostignućima programiranja u Visual Basicu.Core samples obtained while drilling are usually not true representative of the reservoir due to invasion of mud filtrate. Invasion can lead to wettability alterations affecting the capillary pressure. So to have a capillary pressure data which is true representative of the reservoir, set of correlations has been developed, capable of generating the curves at any wettability, when the laboratory data at any wettability condition(s) is known. To ease the use of developed set of correlations, software has also been developed by accomplishing state-of-the-art programming in Visual Basic

Implementation of Brooks and Corey Correlation in Water Wet Case -With Immobile Wetting Phase

Brooks i Corey1 razvili su korelaciju za procjenu kapilarnog tlaka za procese dreniranja koja koristi koncept efektivnog zasićenja za generiranje podataka. Ovo efektivno zasićenje u korelaciji, izračunato je primarno na osnovu promjene u zasićenju faze vlaženja, može se prilično učinkovito koristiti za odgovarajuće svrhe. Međutim, postoje slučajevi u kojima zasićenje močive faze ostaje konstantno kroz cijeli proces istiskivanja. Za takve slučaje načinjena je modifikacija radi boljega prikaza i korištenja korelacije Brooksa i Coreya za procjenu kapilarnog tlaka. Ova modifikacija rezultira boljim analizama, koje pak omogućuju bolje upravljanje i nadgledanje ležišta.Brooks and Corey1 developed a correlation to estimate the capillary pressure for drainage processes, which utilizes the concept of effective saturation to generate data. This effective saturation in the correlation is calculated, primarily based on the change in wetting phase saturation and can be used quite effectively for the respective purposes. However, there are cases, in which the wetting phase saturation remains constant throughout the displacement process. For such cases, a modification has been made for better representation and to use Brooks and Corey correlation for capillary pressure estimation under such cases. This modification will result into better analysis, which will result into better reservoir monitoring and surveillance

Prediction and estimation of capillary pressure of wettability and wettability variations within reservoir

Wettability is defined as a property of a fluid to coat a rock surface, but unfortunately it is not as simple as the name implies. Formation can be oil-wet, water-wet or of mixed wettability. These variations are due to the initial water saturation, composition of oil, salt contents in brine and mineralogy of the formation. Wettability and wettability variations affect the displacement behavior of one fluid by another. This can be demonstrated by a number of experiments, using same core, where the trend of capillary pressure curve changes with reference to changes in saturation. In relation to it, several correlations have been developed to estimate the capillary pressure as a function of saturation based on experiments. In reality different types of wettability can exist in different regions of reservoir and moreover wettability existing at the time of discovery changes with the passage of time as a result of different processes for example, depletion, gas injection. To account for such variations and for proper understanding of displacement behavior within a reservoir a correlation has been developed, which can he used successfully for better reservoir surveillance. With the help of this correlation, if at least one capillary pressure curve is available, it is possible to estimate/predict the capillary pressure under different wettability conditions, which can exist within the reservoir, during different stages of depletion, with the help of which proper history matching, forecasting and hence proper selection of enhanced recovery method is possible, resulting in better decision making and increased profitability

In-situ combustion - a thermal method in enhanced oil recovery

Enhanced Oil Recovery, EOR, is the future for oil industry. Any technique of EOR that could increase the total recovery factor by 10% would increase the amount of recoverable oil reserve by 50%. In-situ combustion is one such technique that is applicable to both heavy and light oil reservoirs. The recovery factor by this method is high. This paper explains the benefits of thermal recovery and describes the types of in-situ combustion process

Meningkatkan perolehan minyak dengan kaedah banjiran air berpolimer

Perolehan minyak dengan kaedah tabii hanya mampu mengeluarkan kira-kira tiga puluh peratus daripada jumlah minyak yang ada dalam reserbor. Perolehan minyak boleh ditingkatkan dengan melaksanakan kaedah perolehan sekunder atau tertier. Satu kaedah yang kerap dilaksanakan ialah menyuntik air ke dalam reserbor. Kaedah ini dipanggil banjiran air. Dalam proses ini polimer yang boleh larut dalam air dimasukkan ke dalam air suntikan. Kertas kerja ini menerangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana larutan polimer mampu meningkatkan perolehan minyak. Kertas ini juga membentangkan kajian ujikaji bagi menentukan nilai kepekatan larutan polimer yang optimum dan mengkaji pengaruh kadar suntikan terhadap kecekapan perolehan minyak

Breaking of paradigm: gas-oil-contact (GOC) water injection

The conventional way to produce an oil reservoir that has a gas cap is to produce only from the oil column while keeping the gas cap in place so that gas cap expansion could supplement additional energy to the reservoir. When a reservoir has a large gas cap, gas can either cone down to the oil producers or breakthrough as a front, leading to substantial increase in the gas-oil-ratios at the oil producer. In Malaysia, the associated gas are either re-injected back into the reservoirs or diverted for sales. Flaring, in principle, is not allowed. Unfortunately, there are some cases where the associated gas in uneconomic for sales due to its contaminant, therefore, flaring limit will be imposed, for example, Dulang oilfield best-preferred solution is to keep the contaminant gas in place to minimize environmental impac

Impact of reservoir heterogeneity on steam assisted gravity drainage in heavy oil fractured reservoirs

Despite successful experiences of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) in sandstone and some studies of this process in fractured reservoirs, the impact of heterogeneity and its relative solutions have not been assessed yet. In this paper, SAGD in fractured reservoirs was studied and the impact of reservoir heterogeneity of fracture permeability, fracture spacing and matrix permeability and solutions to overcome negative impacts were investigated. In contrast to sandstone, it is found that due to the drainage of fracture initial mobile water, steam is injected into reservoir in large amount in early time resulting in fast rising of steam while the lateral expansion of steam is not considerable. Higher fracture permeability at top part of the reservoir showed lower oil recovery than the reversed condition. The impacts of matrix permeability and fracture spacing were combined and expressed in a term Hm/Km (Hm: matrix height, K m: matrix permeability). It was observed that higher value of this term for the top part of the reservoir deteriorates oil recovery more than the reversed condition. The negative impact of heterogeneity can be overcome by locating injector in more fracture permeable zone or the layer having lower quantity of the mentioned term

Development of artificial porous media

This paper describes the various methods of developing artificial porous media and also presents some results from the preliminary tests already conducted. Firstly, a brief review of the techniques that have been tried before is given. Many types of materials and construction techniques have been tried but the products mostly had weaknesses. Thus the products were only useful for limited application. The objective of this research is to develop a method which can be produced artificial cores with tailor-made characteristics like porosity, permeability and wettability. By producing this artificial porous media we can solve the problem of not having a field core or having to import berea cores