Quadratic forms, generalized Hamming weights of codes and curves with many points

We use the relations between quadrics, trace codes and algebraic curves to construct algebraic curves over finite fields with many points and to compute generalized Hamming weights of codes.Comment: 14 pages, Plain Te

Concluding remarks on QCD-N'02 Workshop at Ferrara

A summary is given of some important developments in QCD studies of the nucleon as presented at this workshop. Based on these developments some expectations for the short- and long-term future of the field are sketched. Taken together, the summary of the workshop and the future perspectives result in a {\sl Road Map} for experimental studies of the QCD structure of the nucleon. The Road Map includes as a long-term goal the construction of new lepton-hadron scattering facilities both in Europe and the United States.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, contribution to the proceedings of European Workshop on the QCD Structure of the Nucleon, Ferrara, Italy, 3 - 6 April 200

Connectivity between coastal habitats of two oceanic Caribbean islands as inferred from ontogenetic shifts by coral reef fishes

Mangroves and seagrass beds are considered important nursery habitats for juveniles of coral reef fishes. Studies have mostly focused on the fish community of just one habitat, so the connectivity between different coastal habitats is often unclear. In this study, density and size of reef fish were determined using a single sampling technique in four non-estuarine bay habitats and four reef zones in Curaçao and Bonaire (Netherlands Antilles). The data indicate that of the complete reef fish community at least 21 species show ontogenetic crossshelf shifts in habitat utilization. The 21 species mainly utilized shallow-water habitats (mangroves, seagrass beds, channel and shallow reef) as nursery habitats and the deeper coral reef zones (\u3e 5 m depth) as adult lifestage habitats. Fish species utilized 1–3 different nursery habitats simultaneously, but habitat utilization clearly differed between species. Previous studies showed that the dependence on these nursery habitats is very high, based on reduced density or absence of adults on coral reefs where these habitats were absent. The strong connectivity between several coastal habitats during the ontogeny of various commercially important reef fish species is evidence for the inclusion of bay habitats within boundaries of fishery reserves or marine protected areas

Symmetry and reduction in implicit generalized Hamiltonian systems

In this paper the notion of symmetry for implicit generalized Hamiltonian systems will be studied and a reduction theorem, generalizing the 'classical' reduction theorems of symplectic and Poisson-Hamiltonian systems, will be derived. \u

Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children: prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and meta-analysis

Objective To assess the importance of maternal intelligence, and the effect of controlling for it and other important confounders, in the link between breast feeding and children's intelligence. Design Examination of the effect of breast feeding on cognitive ability and the impact of a range of potential confounders, in particular maternal IQ, within a national database. Additional analyses compared pairs of siblings from the sample who were and were not breast fed. The results are considered in the context of other studies that have also controlled for parental intelligence via meta-analysis. Setting 1979 US national longitudinal survey of youth. Subjects Data on 5475 children, the offspring of 3161 mothers in the longitudinal survey. Main outcome measure IQ in children measured by Peabody individual achievement test. Results The mother's IQ was more highly predictive of breastfeeding status than were her race, education, age, poverty status, smoking, the home environment, or the child's birth weight or birth order. One standard deviation advantage in maternal IQ more than doubled the odds of breast feeding. Before adjustment, breast feeding was associated with an increase of around 4 points in mental ability. Adjustment for maternal intelligence accounted for most of this effect. When fully adjusted for a range of relevant confounders, the effect was small (0.52) and non-significant (95% confidence interval -0.19 to 1.23). The results of the sibling comparisons and meta-analysis corroborated these findings. Conclusions Breast feeding has little or no effect on intelligence in children. While breast feeding has many advantages for the child and mother, enhancement of the child's intelligence is unlikely to be among them

Visualization of spectral images

Spectral image sensors provide images with a large number of contiguous spectral channels per pixel. Visualization of these huge data sets is not a straightforward issue. There are three principal ways in which spectral data can be presented; as spectra, as image and in feature space. This paper describes several visualization methods and their suitability in the different steps in the research cycle. Combinations of the three presentation methods and dynamic interaction between them, adds significant to the usability. Examples of some software implementations are given. Also the application of volume visualization methods to display spectral images is shown to be valuabl