松葉杖歩行における身体局所的疲労と潜在的適応学習

松葉杖歩行による下肢の疲労部位と程度、歩行パターンについて検討した。対象は松葉杖歩行未経験の大学2年生24名とし、200mを非利き足を完全免荷で松葉杖歩行させ、歩数と時間を計測・解析した。また荷重足とした利き足の大腿・下腿部の前後面、足背・足底部の歩行後の疲労感をNumerical Rating Scale（NRS）を用いて計測し、全ての部位のスコアを加算したものを総疲労スコアとした。その結果、下腿部と足底部に高い疲労感を認めた。また、総疲労スコアと歩数、総疲労スコアと総時間に弱い正の相関、歩行速度と総歩数、歩行距離と5m毎の歩数に中等度の負の相関を認めた。以上から、片側下肢の完全免荷松葉杖歩行の初回歩行では、荷重足の底背屈筋、足趾屈伸筋に疲労が出現しやすい可能性、歩幅が大きいと疲労しにくい可能性、また外的教示なしでも歩幅を大きくする適応的学習が生じる可能性が示唆された。We investigated the position and degree of fatigue in the supporting leg and a pattern of gait alterations at the first time of walking with crutches. Twenty-four college students participated in this study. The subjects walked with crutches with load to dominant leg for 200 m. The number of steps and time were measured. After walking, the degree of fatigue in the upper and lower leg and foot was measured by Numerical Rating Scale. All the scores were summed and the total fatigue score（TFS） was calculated. Fatigue was observed in the lower leg and sole. There was a low positive correlation between TFS and total steps and between TFS and total time. There was a moderate negative correlation between walking speed and steps and between steps per 5 m and walking distance. These results indicate that fatigue in the lower leg and sole is caused by gait alterations during first time of walking with crutches. Moreover, as a stride becomes large, it is harder for the leg and foot to fatigue. Finally, implicit adaptation, a gradually increasing stride without instruction, is caused during the first time of walking with crutches

Characterization of T lymphocyte phenotype and phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H level associated with presumptive and diagnosed progressive myelomalacia in dogs

The aim of this study was to characterize the T lymphocyte phenotype and phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H (pNF-H) in dogs diagnosed with progressive myelomalacia (PM) and dogs with presumptive PM. A retrospective case series of six dogs with confirmed PM and 8 dogs with presumptive PM was in vesrigared, conducted and clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the somatosensory evoked potential. and T lymphocyte phenotype in clinical records and pNF-H levels in the peripheral blood were evaluated. pNF-H levels were determined in both study dogs and healthy controls (beagles). PM was clinically diagnosed based on : (Berger et al. 2007) MRI of disc-associated spinal cord compression, (Boylan et al. 2009) clinical progression from initial paraparesis or paraplegia, to thoracic limb lower motor neuron paresis, to tetraplegia associated with cranial migration to the extent of cutaneous trunci reflex loss and analgesia, leading to death via respiratory paralysis, and (Ceron et al. 2005) histological examination. All PM dogs were paraplegic and had signs of lower motor neuron lesions. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio in 13 out of the 14 dogs (92.9%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (p<0.001). pNF-H was only detected in the peripheral blood of PM dogs. In some PM dogs, we did not observe signal hyperintensity on T2-weighted MRI. Our study results indicate that the detection of pNF-H and a high CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the peripheral blood may Facilitate earlier diagnosis of PM than is possible with MRI

利き耳・非利き耳側への聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果 足圧中心(COP)総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積に着目して

本研究は，利き耳・非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激が重心動揺に与える効果について検討した．被験者は健常若年者30名である．本研究は横断研究である．重心動揺の測定には重心動揺計を使用し，足圧中心（COP）総軌跡長・矩形面積・外周面積を抽出して比較検討した．研究条件は条件①：聴覚刺激無，条件②：利き耳側からの聴覚刺激，条件③：非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激である．結果，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と，利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）では両群で有意な差を示さなかった．非利き耳側からの聴覚刺激（条件③）は，聴覚刺激無（条件①）と利き耳側から聴覚刺激（条件②）を比較したところ重心動揺が有意に減少していた．これにより，非利き耳側から入力された聴覚刺激は脳の側性化により対側半球の空間認知機能局在に情報が伝搬され，姿勢の調整に影響を与えていることが推察された．The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of auditory stimulation from dominant ear/nondominant ear on body sway. The subject were 30 healthy young people. This study was a Cross-Sectional study. The assessment of body sway was taken as the total length of Center of pressure（COP） displacements, Rectangular area, and Environmental area of COP using the stabilometer. Research Condition ①：Conditions that do not give auditory stimulation. Research Condition ②：Conditions of giving an auditory stimulus from the dominant ear side. Research Condition ③：Conditions for giving an auditory stimulus from the non-dominant ear side. As a result, Condition ① and Condition ② showed no significant difference in both groups. Condition ③ decreased significantly than Condition ① . Condition ③ also decreased significantly than condition ② . These results, auditory stimulation input from the non-dominant ear is sent to the cerebral hemisphere on the opposite side by laterality. From this, it is considered that the effect was given the body sway