188 research outputs found
Association between C. albicans and leukoplakia and its treatment with Photodynamic Therapy: a review of the literature and a case report
Objective: This paper deals with oral leukoplakia, a potential oral malignant disorder that often increases in malignancy due to an associated infection supported by the fungus Candida albicans. The work is aimed at describing this dual condition through a literature review and an unusual clinical case treated with Photodynamic Therapy.
Materials and Methods: We used PubMed as a research engine in order to detect the most recent papers (2014-2023) written in English. Our main goal was to obtain more information about oral leukoplakia, its colonization by C. albicans and its rate of malignant transformation. We also searched the database in order to evaluate the efficacy of Photodynamic therapy against Candida infections.
Case Presentation: The case presentation refers to a 37-year-old man with a diagnosis of tongue leukoplakia with a co-infection of C. albicans, treated with Photodynamic Therapy instead of conventional antifungal drugs.
Results: The literature review was based on a total of 17939 articles, which were reduced to only 25 after setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria in several steps. Oral leukoplakia is an idiopathic condition that can be considered a precancerous lesion; its co-infection with C. albicans increases the chances of its malignant transformation. Photodynamic therapy is a new approach in terms of non-conventional therapies, and there is growing
evidence that it can be used in the treatment of oral diseases, too.
Conclusions: We eradicated the presence of C. albicans strains on our patient’s leukoplakia by using a mixture
of photo-activated curcumin and H2O2, decreasing the chances of malignant transformation of our patient’s lesion, who is still undergoing a six-month control protocol
Oral microbiota, health, and cancer: the dual face of the same coin in the field of the host-microbe interactome
In recent years, within the extensive research regarding human microbiota and chronic diseases, new medical and laboratory technologies have played a crucial role in understanding more complex biological pathways between human cells and microbes. On the other hand, molecular and cellular diversity and their involvement in health responses to changing host conditions have only recently been understood, through the development of brand-new laboratory tools based on ‘omics approaches. The continuous insertion of already conceptualized, new experimental large datasets and raw data onto bibliographic platforms means that they are now accessible for subsequent elaboration by other researchers. This aspect has allowed the creation of an interactive mesh of proteins, genes, and small molecules, usually called, interactome or interactomics
Spa therapy induces clinical improvement and protein changes in patients with chronic back pain
This study is primarily aimed at assessing serum changes on a large panel of proteins in patients with chronic back pain following spa therapy, as well as evaluating different spa therapy regimens as a preliminary exploratory clinical study. Sixty-six patients with chronic back pain secondary to osteoarthritis were randomly enrolled and treated with daily mud packs and bicarbonate-alkaline mineral water baths, or a thermal hydrotherapy rehabilitation scheme, the combination of the two regimens or usual medication only (control group), for two weeks. Clinical variables were evaluated at baseline, after 2 and 12 weeks. One thousand serum proteins were tested before and after a two-week mud bath therapy. All spa treatment groups showed clinical benefit as determined by improvements in VAS pain, Roland Morris disability questionnaire and neck disability index at both time points. The following serum proteins were found greatly increased (≥2.5 fold) after spa treatment: inhibin beta A subunit (INHBA), activin A receptor type 2B (ACVR2B), angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), growth differentiation factor 10 (GDF10), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), fibroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12), oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13). Three proteins were found greatly decreased (≤0.65 fold): apolipoprotein C-III (Apoc3), interleukin 23 alpha subunit p19 (IL23A) and syndecan-1 (SDC1). Spa therapy was confirmed as beneficial for chronic back pain and proved to induce changes in proteins involved in functions such as gene expression modulation, differentiation, angiogenesis, tissue repair, acute and chronic inflammatory response
Circadian rhythms of histatin 1, histatin 3, histatin 5, statherin and uric acid in whole human saliva secretion
The circadian rhythms of histatins 1, 3, 5, of statherin and uric acid were investigated in whole human saliva. Histatins showed a rhythm approximately synchronous with salivary flow rate (acrophase around 5 pm), the higher amplitude pertaining to histatin 1 (about 50% of the mesor). Uric acid showed a large rhythm asynchronous with flow rate and histatin concentrations (4.4 ± 1.4 am). Statherin did not show a significant circadian rhythm on five of six volunteers. This finding confirms that the secretion route of statherin is different from that of histatins
In Vitro Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Adhesion on Various Endodontic Medicaments
E. faecalis in endodontic infection represents a biofilm type of disease, which explains the bacteria’s resistance to various antimicrobial compounds and the subsequent failure after endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial activities and bacteria kinetic adhesion in vitro for three endodontic medicaments with a clinical isolate of E. faecalis. We devised a shake culture which contained the following intracanalar preparations: CPD, Endoidrox (EIX), PulpCanalSealer (PCS); these were immersed in a liquid culture medium inoculated with the microorganism. The shake system velocity was able to prevent non-specific bacteria adhesion and simulated the salivary flow. Specimens were collected daily (from both the medium and medicaments) for 10 days; the viable cells were counted by plate count, while the adhesion index AI° [E. faecalis fg DNA] /mm2 was evaluated in the pastes after DNA extraction, by quantitative real time PCR for the 16S rRNA gene. A partial growth inhibition, during the first 24 hours, was observed in the liquid medium and on the medicaments for EIX and subsequently for CPD (six logs). EIX showed the lowest adhesion coefficient (5*102 [fg DNA]/mm2) for nine days and was similar to the control. PCS showed no antimicrobial/antibiofilm properties. This showed that “calcium oxide” base compounds could be active against biofilm progression and at least in the short term (2-4 days) on E. faecalis cells growing in planktonic cultures
Italian patients with hemoglobinopathies exhibit a 5-fold increase in age-standardized lethality due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been expressed worldwide for patients with hemoglobinopathies and their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from Lebanon confirmed a role of underlying comorbidities on COVID-19 severity, but no deaths among a cohort of thalassemia patients.1 Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) displayed a broad range of severity after SARS-CoV-2 infection, spanning from a favorable outcome unless pre-existing comorbidities (UK cohort)2 to high case mortality in US.3 History of pain, heart, lung, and renal comorbidities was identified as risk factors of worse COVID-19 outcomes by the US SECURE-SCD Registry.4 While Italy experienced a death rate in the general population among the highest in the world, preliminary data from the first wave of the pandemic showed a lower than expected number of infected thalassemia patients (updated up to April 10, 2020), likely due to earlier and more vigilant self-isolation compared to the general population.
CHIRURGIA ORALE IN PAZIENTI SOTTOPOSTIA TERAPIA ANTICOAGULANTI:VALUTAZIONE DELL'EFFICACIA DELLA COLLA DI FIBRINA
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