Réservoir extra-digestif d’entérobactéries productrices de bêtalactamase à spectre élargi chez des patients non infectés: étude à partir d’une recherche systématique dans les urines et d’autres prélèvements à visée diagnostique

Notre objectif était d’étudier le réservoir extra-digestif d’entérobactéries productrices de β-lactamases à spectre élargi (EBLSE) en les recherchant dans des prélèvements à visée diagnostique (PVD) pour lesquels les colonies bactériennes isolées sur les milieux de cultures utilisés ne sont pas obligatoirement analysées (identification bactérienne et antibiogramme) en routine. Pendant une période de 5 semaines, des identifications et des antibiogrammes ont été réalisés de manière systématique pour les colonies correspondant à des entérobactéries isolées dans certains PVD comme les urines, les prélèvements respiratoires, et un groupe de prélèvements appelé “divers”. Les prélèvements pour lesquels un antibiogramme a été réalisé conformément à la pratique de routine du laboratoire ont été considérés comme infectés. Les prélèvements pour lesquels les entérobactéries ont été recherchées et étudiées suivant le protocole de l’étude ont été considérés comme colonisés. Au cours de l’étude, 2 312 urines, 327 prélèvements respiratoires et 1 887 prélèvements divers ont été envoyés au laboratoire. Parmi les 114 urines colonisées par au moins une entérobactérie, 13 (11,4 %) comportaient une EBLSE, alors que cette proportion était de 5,1 % (35/682) dans les urines infectées (p < 0,01). Parmi les prélèvements respiratoires et divers, 3 EBLSE ont été isolées dans 55 prélèvements colonisés par au moins une entérobactérie. Au total, la recherche systématique d’EBLSE dans les PVD a permis une augmentation de 27,7 % du nombre de patients identifiés comme porteurs de ces bactéries. D’autres études pourraient être utiles pour évaluer l’intérêt de mettre en place une telle stratégie comme alternative au dépistage rectal habituellement pratiqué

Different spatial memory systems are involved in small- and large-scale environments: evidence from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

Recent reports show that humans and animals do not acquire information about routes and object locations in the same way. In spatial memory, a specific sub-system is hypothesized to be involved in encoding, storing and recalling navigational information, and it is segregated from the sub-system devoted to small-scale environment. We assessed this hypothesis in a sample of patients treated surgically for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. We found double dissociations between learning and recall of spatial positions in large space versus small space. These results strongly support the hypothesis that two segregate systems process navigational memory for large-scale environments and spatial memory in small-scale environments

Different spatial memory systems are involved in small- and large-scale environments: evidence from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

International audienceRecent reports show that humans and animals do not acquire information about routes and object locations in the same way. In spatial memory, a specific sub-system is hypothesized to be involved in encoding, storing and recalling navigational information, and it is segregated from the sub-system devoted to small-scale environment. We assessed this hypothesis in a sample of patients treated surgically for intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. We found double dissociations between learning and recall of spatial positions in large space versus small space. These results strongly support the hypothesis that two segregate systems process navigational memory for large-scale environments and spatial memory in small-scale environments

Neuropsychological assessment in pediatric epilepsy surgery: A French procedure consensus

International audienc

Environmental impact evaluation using an agent based simulation framework

Environmental issues play an increasingly important role in aviation, affecting the desirability of novel technologies directly. The desirability of a certain technology with respect to environmental issues is determined by the system of systems level impact instead of the often used system level impact. Changing this perspective introduces additional complexities in how the system level evaluation should be related to the desired system of systems (SoS) level evaluation. A framework is proposed, using agent based simulation, to evaluate the emergent behaviour of the intertwined stakeholders and the subsequent impact of the novel technology. The Maglev assisted aircraft launch system is considered as a test case to evaluate the complexities arising in the proposed approach. The three evaluated scenarios showed a large behavioural effect on the system of sys- tems level environmental impact. Even though data in the scenarios were assumed and behaviour simplified, the knowledge obtained by the agent based simulation improved the understanding of the mechanisms affecting the environmental impact. Finally, the modular approach allows for an extension of the framework to evaluate more realistic scenarios.Aerodynamics, Wind Energy & PropulsionAerospace Engineerin

Bioleaching of Heavy Metals from Printed Circuit Boards with an Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Microbial Consortium in Stirred Tank Reactors

In this study, bioleaching was carried out for the recovery of metals (copper, zinc, tin, lead, gold and silver) from printed circuit boards residues (PCBs), one of the most important wastes from electrical and electronic equipment, using an acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacterial consortium enriched with minerals from a gold mine in the Arequipa region, Peru. High-throughput sequencing and analysis of the 16S rRNA biomarker revealed that this consortium was predominantly composed of Tissierella, Acidiphilium and Leptospirillum bacteria, from which the latter is known to grow by chemolithotrophy through iron oxidation. After the enrichment process, the acidophilic iron-oxidizing consortium was first tested for its tolerance to different PCBs concentrations, showing best growth up to 10 g/L of PCBs and a tolerance index of 0.383. Based on these results, the bioleaching efficiency of the consortium was investigated for 10 g/L of PCBs in stirred tank reactors coupled to an aeration system, for 18 days. High bioleaching efficiencies were achieved for copper and zinc (69% and 91%, respectively), indicating that these two metals can be easily extracted in this leaching system. Lower extraction efficiencies were achieved for tin (16%) and gold (28%), while for lead and silver only a residual recovery (<0.25%) was detected. These results indicate that the enriched bacterial consortium originating from the Arequipa region, Peru, has a high capacity to recover different metals of economic importance