Uninsured Motorists Coverage Validity of Other Insurance Provisions; Curran v. State Automobile Mutual Insurance Co.

It was the contention of the defendant-appellant insurers that their liability was limited in both instances by the other insurance provisions of their respective policies. These provisions were both excess insurance clauses. The Ohio Supreme Court, in ruling upon what it considered to be the sole issue in this case, denied effectiveness to these clauses

Relationship of aging to the shelling and quality of Southern peas, Vigna sinensis

Food processors in Tennessee pack over half of the 50 million pounds of Southern peas processed in the Southeastern states each year. These peas account for almost 11 per cent of the total vegetables packed in the Southeastern states and are exceeded in volume only by green beans and tomatoes. Over two-thirds of the Southern peas are packed in the green pea stage of maturity (27). To be processed in the green pea stage, Southern peas are harvested by hand and hauled to the processor by truck. A major problem at this stage of handling, however, is that the peas that have been picked only a few hours do not shell easily enough to permit mechanical shelling. Processors have found that mechanical hullers can be used if the peas are allowed to age for 24 or more hours. Aging is easily accomplished by either leaving the peas on trucks or loading them onto large wagons furnished by the processor. During the aging period, heat from respiration of the peas and bacterial action causes the product temperature to increase several degrees above the ambient temperature (24). Due to the excessively high temperatures and prolonged storage period usually encountered during this aging period, there is a high degree of probability that the quality of the peas is affected consider-ably. Furthermore, the storage of over 100 tons of peas for 24 hours presents economic and logistic problems. Also more and more economic pressure is being applied on the food industry to convert to continuous flow operations. However, until some means of effecting increased shellout percentages of freshly harvested peas is evolved, continuous flow of Southern peas from field to package cannot be realized. With these factors in mind, this study was made in an attempt to: (1) determine if aging exerts any influence on percentage shellout. (2) study the effect of aging on certain specific quality factors. (3) study certain morphological changes of the Southern pea pod

Uninsured Motorist Coverage - Scope of the Term - Uninsured Motorist ; Porter v. Empire Fire and Marine Insurance Co.

Absent a statutory definition of uninsured motorist, the court under its powers of construction must, in a functional sense, legislate the gap-filling language. The outcome elsewhere on facts similar to those in Porter will depend, in part, on whether the legislature in adopting uninsured motorist statutes, have incorporated a definition of its terms

Uninsured Motorist Coverage - Scope of the Term - Uninsured Motorist ; Porter v. Empire Fire and Marine Insurance Co.

The appellant, James T. Porter, was involved in an automobile accident in which he and four other persons were injured. The tortfeasor was insured to the extent of the statutory minimum ($10,000-$20,000) as provided for by the Arizona Financial Responsibility Act.\u27 The appellant subsequently obtained a judgment against the tortfeasor for $10,000. He then entered into a proposed settlement with the tortfeasor\u27s insurer under which he was to receive$2,500 of the $20,000 of insurance proceeds available for allocation among the injured parties. Mr. Porter notified his insurer (the appellee) of the proposed settlement and requested the appellee satisfy the balance of damages under the uninsured motorist provision of his policy. The appellee denied coverage and refused to approve or disapprove the proposed settlement. Subsequently, the appellant settled with the tortfeasor\u27s insurer as agreed, and brought an action against the appellee for the$7,500 balance under his uninsured motorist coverage

Uninsured Motorists Coverage Validity of Other Insurance Provisions; Curran v. State Automobile Mutual Insurance Co.

It was the contention of the defendant-appellant insurers that their liability was limited in both instances by the other insurance provisions of their respective policies. These provisions were both excess insurance clauses. The Ohio Supreme Court, in ruling upon what it considered to be the sole issue in this case, denied effectiveness to these clauses

Molten salt corrosion of SiC and Si3N4

Industrial systems such as heat engines and heat exchangers involve harsh environments. The structural materials are subjected to high temperatures as well as corrosive gases and condensed phases. Past experience with metal alloys has shown that these condensed phases can be particularly corrosive and are often the limiting factor in the operation of these systems. In a heat engine the most common condensed corrodent is Na2SO4 whereas in a heat exchanger an oxide slag may be present. The primary emphasis is on Na2SO4 induced corrosion, however, similarities and differences to oxide slag are also discussed. The extensive research on corrosion of metal alloys has led to understanding and controlling corrosion for these materials. Currently silicon based ceramics are prime candidates for the applications discussed. Therefore it is important to understand the effects of condensed phase deposits on this emerging class of high temperature materials. Both the thermodynamic and strength of the ceramic is also examined. Finally some control strategies for corrosion of silicon based ceramics are explored

Hot corrosion of ceramic engine materials

A number of commercially available SiC and Si3N4 materials were exposed to 1000 C in a high velocity, pressurized burner rig as a simulation of a turbine engine environment. Sodium impurities added to the burner flame resulted in molten Na2SO4 deposition, attack of the SiC and Si4N4 and formation of substantial Na2O-x(SiO2) corrosion product. Room temperature strength of the materials decreased. This was a result of the formation of corrosion pits in SiC, and grain boundary dissolution and pitting in Si3N4. Corrosion regimes for such Si-based ceramics have been predicted using thermodynamics and verified in rig tests of SiO2 coupons. Protective mullite coatings are being investigated as a solution to the corrosion problem for SiC and Si3N4. Limited corrosion occurred to cordierite (Mg2Al4Si5O18) but some cracking of the substrate occurred

High-codimensional knots spun about manifolds

Using spinning we analyze in a geometric way Haefliger's smoothly knotted (4k-1)-spheres in the 6k-sphere. Consider the 2-torus standardly embedded in the 3-sphere, which is further standardly embedded in the 6-sphere. At each point of the 2-torus we have the normal disk pair: a 4-dimensional disk and a 1-dimensional proper sub-disk. We consider an isotopy (deformation) of the normal 1-disk inside the normal 4-disk, by using a map from the 2-torus to the space of long knots in 4-space, first considered by Budney. We use this isotopy in a construction called spinning about a submanifold introduced by the first-named author. Our main observation is that the resultant spun knot provides a generator of the Haefliger knot group of knotted 3-spheres in the 6-sphere. Our argument uses an explicit construction of a Seifert surface for the spun knot and works also for higher-dimensional Haefliger knots.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figure

Resistance of Silicon Nitride Turbine Components to Erosion and Hot Corrosion/oxidation Attack

Silicon nitride turbine components are under intensive development by AlliedSignal to enable a new generation of higher power density auxiliary power systems. In order to be viable in the intended applications, silicon nitride turbine airfoils must be designed for survival in aggressive oxidizing combustion gas environments. Erosive and corrosive damage to ceramic airfoils from ingested sand and sea salt must be avoided. Recent engine test experience demonstrated that NT154 silicon nitride turbine vanes have exceptional resistance to sand erosion, relative to superalloys used in production engines. Similarly, NT154 silicon nitride has excellent resistance to oxidation in the temperature range of interest - up to 1400 C. Hot corrosion attack of superalloy gas turbine components is well documented. While hot corrosion from ingested sea salt will attack silicon nitride substantially less than the superalloys being replaced in initial engine applications, this degradation has the potential to limit component lives in advanced engine applications. Hot corrosion adversely affects the strength of silicon nitride in the 850 to 1300 C range. Since unacceptable reductions in strength must be rapidly identified and avoided, AlliedSignal and the NASA Lewis Research Center have pioneered the development of an environmental life prediction model for silicon nitride turbine components. Strength retention in flexure specimens following 1 to 3300 hour exposures to high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion has been measured and used to calibrate the life prediction model. Predicted component life is dependent upon engine design (stress, temperature, pressure, fuel/air ratio, gas velocity, and inlet air filtration), mission usage (fuel sulfur content, location (salt in air), and times at duty cycle power points), and material parameters. Preliminary analyses indicate that the hot corrosion resistance of NT154 silicon nitride is adequate for AlliedSignal's initial engine applications. Protective coatings and/or inlet air filtration may be required to achieve required ceramic component lives in more aggressive environments