Changes in Reporting of Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Age Over 10 Years

Background. The recognition of health disparities as an important aspect of US health care has led to renewed interest in the reporting of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in original research reports. Purpose. To describe reporting of race/ethnicity and SES, in comparison with age and gender, and to report changes with time. Methods. All original research articles that focused on children and asthma that were published in The Journal of the American Medical Association, The New England Journal of Medicine, Pediatrics, The Journal of Pediatrics, and Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine were reviewed for 2 time periods, 1991–1993 and 2000–2002. Each report was assessed for coding of age, gender, race/ethnicity (number of groups and which groups), and SES. Results. In 1991–1993, 27 reports met the inclusion criteria; in 2000–2002, 74 were reviewed. Overall, significantly more reports described age (90.1%) and gender (78.2%) than SES (41.6%) and race/ethnicity (54.5%). During the 2 study periods, there were significant increases in studies reporting race/ethnicity (from 29.6% to 63.5%) but not in studies reporting SES or gender. Coding of race/ethnicity, even in the later time period, was largely confined to white (78.7%) and black (89.4%). Fewer reports coded Latino (55.3%) or Asian (14.9%). Only 2 of the 31 articles that coded Latino subjects contained information on ethnic subgroups, whereas none of the 8 articles included Asian subgroups. Conclusions. Original research reports in a specific area (asthma) for which health disparities have been well documented still contain few data on race/ethnicity and SES, particularly in comparison with age and gender. There has been some improvement in the past decade in the reporting of race/ethnicity, but the reporting of Latino and Asian subgroups remains poor. If we are to understand health disparities, then more appropriate reporting of SES and race/ethnicity is necessary.https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/115/2/e163.ful

Understanding harmony and technology in music education

This study set out to evaluate the use of a particular computer interface for the teaching of musical harmony to school children aged between 13 and 14 years. The study looked at a number of specialised technical issues concerning music education and human computer interaction, but in this paper we will focus on some of the broader issues that emerged. One general hypothesis the study tested was that an appropriate computer interface can encourage students to discover harmony by empirical enquiry, within a conventional classroom setting. We believed that the computer software could become incorporated into the music lesson and be seen by the pupils as just another instrument which assisted with the learning of harmony. In general, the use of computers in music education can in some respects have advantages over the "real instruments" in that lack of instrumental fluency need not impede progress and hence decrease motivation of the less musically able students. A secondary advantage may be that computer enthusiasts take music lessons more seriously

Art for El Salvador

This project will showcase the work that the student organization, Art for El Salvador has done the past few years in conjunction with the non-profit organization, Art for El Salvador. The organization was brought to UNI by Maria and Niah Howard, both graduates of UNI. A student organization was formed and together the two groups have made and sold art to help provide educational needs to impoverished rural communities in El Salvador. Through the hard work of many people, Art for El Salvador actually provided the resources for a community of Casseria Mediagua to build a new middle school. The school makes it possible for the students to continue their education past 6th grade, which is very hard to accomplish in rural El Salvador due to unsafe conditions and needing to travel long distances from home communities . We have just celebrated the first graduates and they will attend high school in the fall

Generalized Filtering Decomposition

Session 7International audienc

Prevention of rejection of murine islet allografts by pretreatment with anti-dendritic cell antibody

Faustman, D., Steinman, R.M., Gebel, H., Hauptfeld, V., Davie, J., and Lacy, P. Prevention of rejection of murine islet allografts by pretreatment with anti-dendritic cell antibody. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 81: 3864-3868, 1984https://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/historical-scientific-reports/1013/thumbnail.jp

Prevention of rejection of murine islet allografts by pretreatment with anti-dendritic cell antibody

Previously we have demonstrated that islets of Langerhans treated with donor-specific anti-Ia serum and complement survive when transplanted across the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. In this study, using immunofluorescence, we demonstrate two morphologically distinct populations of Ia-positive cells scattered within the Ia-negative islet tissue. A large irregularly shaped Ia-positive subset of cells were identified as dendritic cells by using the 33D1 antibody specific for a mouse dendritic cell antigen. The other small, round Ia-positive subset was 33D1 negative. Islets pretreated with anti-dendritic cell antibody and complement prior to transplantation survived in their histoincompatible recipients for \u3e200 days. Rejection of stable islet allografts promptly occurred when transplant recipients were challenged with 1 x 105 donor dendritic cells 60 days after transplantation. These results demonstrate an important in vivo role for donor dendritic cells in the stimulation of allograft rejection

Women, engineering and gender equality: Brazil and United States pathway

BACKGROUND: Inequality between men and women continues to produce detrimental effects that reproduce past discriminatory behaviors and actions in the 21st century. We argue that professional training, financial support, economic autonomy, and structural adjustments are essential for women to overcome gender equity barriers. OBJECTIVE: The research's primary goal is to analyze women's enrollment in Brazil's engineering courses to explain why men are a demographic majority in the profession. Given this international reality, we also plan to show how access to the knowledge areas of engineering and disparities in engineering study is also relevant in the United States. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative analysis of extensive and specialized bibliography.  RESULTS: This study finds that the knowledge gap begins with differential socialization and development of girls and boys, who are presented with stereotypes that permeate and influence their perceptions, professional choices, and performance in the workplace. Fewer girls than boys choose engineering as a field, and after the first 20 years of service, greater than 30% of women have not remained in the engineering field. Even when women are technically prepared, they may experience stereotype threat, which can adversely impact their performance in the field.    CONCLUSIONS: This article argues that there are many reasons women remain an underrepresented group in engineering, an area of ​​knowledge considered of extreme importance during this century. We believe that when men and women are performing equitably in all relevant modes of decision-making, including determinants of large budgets, advancements in science, and solutions to current problems, society will be able to advance in material more effectively. It is necessary to continue building alliances, discussing negative stereotypes, and driving change that explores gender equality as a beneficial movement for society and our countries

A Direct Interaction between IP3 Receptors and Myosin II Regulates IP3 Signaling in C. elegans

AbstractMolecular and physiological studies of cells implicate interactions between the cytoskeleton and the intracellular calcium signalling machinery as an important mechanism for the regulation of calcium signalling [1–11]. However, little is known about the functions of such mechanisms in animals. A key component of the calcium signalling network is the intracellular release of calcium in response to the production of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), mediated by the IP3 receptor (IP3R) [12–14]. We show that C. elegans IP3Rs, encoded by the gene itr-1, interact directly with myosin II. The interactions between two myosin proteins, UNC-54 and MYO-1, and ITR-1 were identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen and subsequently confirmed in vivo and in vitro. We defined the interaction sites on both the IP3R and MYO-1. To test the effect of disrupting the interaction in vivo we overexpressed interacting fragments of both proteins in C. elegans. This decreased the animal's ability to upregulate pharyngeal pumping in response to food. This is a known IP3-mediated process [15]. Other IP3-mediated processes, e.g., defecation [16], were unaffected. Thus it appears that interactions between IP3Rs and myosin are required for maintaining the specificity of IP3 signalling in C. elegans and probably more generally