CRIS – service for input, storage and analysis of the biodiversity data of the cryptogams

Here we describe Cryptogamic Russian Information System (CRIS), a web service cataloguing the biodiversity of cryptogams: cyanobacteria, fungi (including lichens), and bryophytes. CRIS incorporates a wide spectrum of data types, allowing for greater ease of use. It is possible to print the labels for herbarium collections, to input literature references, media files, etc., using CRIS which has a flexible interface and specific technical abilities. Currently, CRIS contains ~ 90,000 herbarium records, including 67,861 records of bryophytes, 12,486 records of lichens and 3,800 records of cyanobacteria. Data analysis of the different taxonomic groups is provided below. Perspectives and directions for the future development of CRIS are discussed

Development of polyresistance in microorganisms during antibiotic therapy in a multidisciplinary hospital during a pandemic COVID-19

Background. Irrational and excessive use of antimicrobials drugs (AMD) creates conditions for the development of a global crisis of health systems around the world associated with antibiotic resistance. Aim. To conduct a retrospective study of the impact of the use of AMD on the change in the microbiological landscape and the sensitivity of microorganisms in the conditions of pandemic of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in 2020–2021 in intensive care departments (ICD) of a multidisciplinary hospital. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, strains of microorganisms isolated from patients and from the surfaces of the hospital environment and changes in their sensitivity to significant groups of AMD in ICD for somatic and infectious patients with COVID-19 were compared. The sensitivity of the isolates was evaluated in accordance with the criteria of requirements of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing – EUCAST, version 10.0, 2020. Results. A total of 1,394 isolates were studied, including 1,379 clinical and 15 isolates from the surfaces of the hospital environment. It was found that in all ICD in 2020–2021, gram-negative microorganisms prevailed in infectious loci in 70% of cases or more. In 2021, in the ICD in infectious patients with COVID-19, the persistent dominance of the Acinetobacter baumannii microorganism was revealed with an increase in the number of poly- and pan-resistant strains – 48.7%. While in the ICD for somatic patients Klebsiella Pneumoniae prevailed among gram-negative microorganisms – 37.5% in 2020 and 43.7% in 2021. It has been shown that in one department or in adjacent departments of the same medical institution, various nosocomial microorganisms with an unequal set of resistance genes and sensitivity to AMD may appear over time. Conclusion. The necessity of conducting constant microbiological monitoring and a passport of the medical department with mandatory registration of not only isolated strains of microorganisms, but also resistance genes in order to optimize the appointment of timely adequate empirical antimicrobial therapy is substantiated. The period of the latter should be as short as possible, and confirmed by convincing clinical signs of bacterial infection, and subsequently by the isolation of nosocomial flora from the biomaterial of critical loci from patients

Behavior practices of a “new woman” in the conditions of mass famine in early 1920s

The article discusses the behavioral practices of a "new woman" in the conditions of mass famine in the early 1920s. It is noted that this social group was inconsiderable in number, but its influence in public life was very high. The author draws attention to the social origin of the representatives of this social group, the level of their education, the specifics of the worldview formation based on the ideals of universal equality and justice. It was noted that the behavior of the “new women” in conditions of mass starvation significantly differed from the generally accepted patterns, such as seeking help from the authorities, migrating to other regions, selling property, begging and other social deviations. The desire to contribute to the construction of a socialist society led to the ignorance of the problem of hunger and a reorientation from their daily life to social life. This was manifested in the behavior of the “new woman” in the form of collecting funds for the needs of the hungry, selfless work, refusal to relocate to prosperous areas. Social class background – origin from peasants and workers, high involvement in social activities, young age, membership in the Komsomol organisation were the factors that formed non-standard options for survival in the situation of mass famine among the “new women”. It is concluded that the conditions of hunger contributed to the strengthening of the social positions of the “new women”, their further advancement on the social ladder. The downside of strengthening the social position of the “new women” was the further erosion of the foundations of their traditional perception of the world based on family and motherhood

Подходы к исследованию человеческого капитала в контексте совокупности социально-экономических и социокультурных факторов на примере региона Енисейская Сибирь

The preliminary results of interdisciplinary research on the basic socio-economic and socio-cultural factors necessary for accurate and comprehensive assessment of human capital at the level of certain territories of Yenisei Siberia are presented. The parameters of socio-economic and socio-cultural development for these territories are considered through the methods of indices and statistics. The estimates of the significance of social diversity effects in the context of inter-regional comparisons and dynamic changes are made. The results obtained at different levels of the hierarchy are also benchmarked and discussed. The considered socio-economic indicators and socio-cultural factors are analyzed regarding their influence on the level, dynamics and quality of human capitalПредставлены предварительные результаты междисциплинарного исследования базовых социально-экономических и социокультурных факторов, необходимых для корректной и всеобъемлющей оценки человеческого капитала на уровне отдельных территорий макрорегиона Енисейская Сибирь. Параметры социально-экономического и социокультурного развития по отдельным территориям макрорегиона Енисейская Сибирь проанализированы с использованием методов индексной и статистической оценки. Проведены оценки значимости эффектов разнообразия общества в контекстах межрегиональных сравнений и динамических изменений. Проведено сравнение полученных результатов на разных уровнях иерархии. Рассмотренные социально-экономические показатели и социокультурные факторы проанализированы с позиции их влияния на уровень, динамику и качество человеческого капитал

An Ytterbium-Doped Narrow-Bandwidth Randomly Distributed Feedback Laser Emitting at a Wavelength of 976 nm

All-fiber, polarization maintaining, narrow-bandwidth, Yb-doped fiber lasers with randomly distributed feedback operated near 976 nm were realized for the first time. It was shown that the laser operated in a single, longitudinal mode regime during intervals of a few seconds. At other times, the laser generated a few longitudinal modes, but its bandwidth was always below the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer (0.02 nm). The linewidth of each single longitudinal mode of the laser was estimated to be below 20 kHz. The reasons for this observed laser behavior were discussed and methods for achieving stable, continuous wave operation in the single-longitudinal-mode regime were proposed

Raman Spectroscopy of Lattice-Matched Graphene on Strongly Interacting Metal Surfaces

Regardless of the widely accepted opinion that there is no Raman signal from single-layer graphene when it is strongly bonded to a metal surface, we present Raman spectra of a graphene monolayer on Ni(111) and Co(0001) substrates. The high binding energy of carbon to these surfaces allows formation of lattice-matched (1 X 1) structures where graphene is significantly stretched. This is reflected in a record-breaking shift of the Raman G band by more than 100 cm(-1) relative to the case of freestanding graphene. Using electron diffraction and photoemission spectroscopy, we explore the aforementioned systems together with polycrystalline graphene on Co and analyze possible intercalation of oxygen at ambient conditions. The results obtained are fully supported by Raman spectroscopy. Performing a theoretical investigation of the phonon dispersions of freestanding graphene and stretched graphene on the strongly interacting Co surface, we explain the main features of the Raman spectra. Our results create a reliable platform for application of Raman spectroscopy in diagnostics of chemisorbed graphene and related materials