The "distance-varying" gravity model in international economics: is the distance an obstacle to trade?

In this paper, we address the problem of the role of the distance between trading partners by assuming the variability of coefficients in a standard gravity model. The distance can be interpreted as an indicator of the cost of entry in a market (a fixed cost): the greater the distance, the higher the entry cost, and the more we need to have a large market to be able to cover a high cost of entry. To explore this idea, the paper uses a method called Flexible Least Squares. By allowing the parameters of the gravity model to vary over the observations, our main result is that the more the partner's GDP is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade.Gravity Equation, Flexible Least Squares, Geographical Distance

The "distance-varying" gravity model in international economics: is the distance an obstacle to trade?

In this paper, we address the problem of the role of the distance between trading partners by assuming the variability of coefficients in a standard gravity model. The distance can be interpreted as an indicator of the cost of entry in a market (a fixed cost): the greater the distance, the higher the entry cost, and the more we need to have a large market to be able to cover a high cost of entry. To explore this idea, the paper uses a method called Flexible Least Squares. By allowing the parameters of the gravity model to vary over the observations, our main result is that the more the partner's GDP is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade.Gravity Equation; Flexible Least Squares; Geographical Distance

The "distance-varying" gravity model in international economics: is the distance an obstacle to trade?

In this paper, we address the problem of the role of the distance between trading partners by assuming the variability of coefficients in a standard gravity model. The distance can be interpreted as an indicator of the cost of entry in a market (a fixed cost): the greater the distance, the higher the entry cost, and the more we need to have a large market to be able to cover a high cost of entry. To explore this idea, the paper uses a method called Flexible Least Squares. By allowing the parameters of the gravity model to vary over the observations, our main result is that the more the partner's GDP is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade.Gravity Equation; Flexible Least Squares; Geographical Distance

The "distance-varying" gravity model in international economics: is the distance an obstacle to trade?

International audienceIn this paper, we address the problem of the role of the distance between trading partners by assuming the variability of coefficients in a standard gravity model. The distance can be interpreted as an indicator of the cost of entry in a market (a fixed cost): the greater the distance, the higher the entry cost, and the more we need to have a large market to be able to cover a high cost of entry. To explore this idea, the paper uses a method called Flexible Least Squares. By allowing the parameters of the gravity model to vary over the observations, our main result is that the more the partner's GDP is large, the less the distance is an obstacle to trade

Protection tarifaire, brevets et diffusion internationale de la connaissance : croissance et dynamique de court terme aux Etats-Unis de 1889 à 1991

National audienc

Convergence et dynamique des taux de change réels au sein du SME sur la période 1979-1990

DT n° 94B0

Innovation et exportation : quelle compatibilité pour les PME ?

L’objectif de cette note de recherche est de s’interroger sur les facteurs qui permettent d’articuler les comportements d’innovation et l’exportation des PME. L’analyse met en évidence le rôle que jouent les investissements intellectuels dans le processus de maturation des entreprises dans leur environnement. De ce point de vue, deux groupes d’entreprises peuvent être distingués : celles qui bouleversent leur organisation globale (lien entre implantation technique, investissement intellectuel et exportation) et celles qui adaptent leur organisation aux nouvelles contraintes de l’environnement (faible intégration technique, investissement intellectuel ponctuel et faible engagement à l’exportation). Ces comportements sont vérifiés par des analyses statistiques effectuées sur un échantillon de PME de la région PACA.The aim of this paper is to identify factors that lead to the compatibility between innovation and export behaviors in a small business firm. Among them intellectual investments play a leading role in the evolution of the firm’s environment. From this point of view, two types of firm do exist. The first type is characterized by a disruption in the general organization of the firm with the introduction of new technology, personal improvement programs and export. The second type of firm adopts a progressive strategy with low technological integration, localized intellectual investment and small engagement to export business. Using a sample of small business firms in the French’s Provence area, we verify the existence of such strategies.El objectivo de ese articulo es determinar los elementos que permiten articular las strategias de inovacion y exportación de las pequeñas empresas. Esta analisis pone en relieve la importancias de las inviertos intelectuales en el procesus de maduración de los empresas con su entorna. Des de este punto de vista se peuden distinguir dos clases de empresas : las que modificon la organización global de la impresa (relación entre introducción technologica, inviertos intelectuales y exportación) y las que siguer una strategia que adapta la organización con poca integración technica, inviertos intelectuales punctuates y débil implicación. Estos comportamientos han sido overiguados por analisis estadicas sobre pequeñas empresas de una region francesa (PACA)