Jiang Zemin's discourse on intellectuals: the political use of formalised language and the conundrum of stability

This article focuses on the specific forms of power that are embodied in the properties and functions of formalised language, as it was used by Jiang Zemin in crucial political documents on the Party’s policy towards intellectuals. This inquiry illuminates various possibilities for the normalisation and inculcation of formalised language in the understudied decade of the 1990s, when the mantra “without stability, nothing can be achieved” became a tautology. The internal constitution of the selected texts is examined with an eye to the dialogic interaction with the production and reception of Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping’s political discourses on intellectuals (Mao 1942; Deng 1978). The analysis of language practices and discursive formations in a comparative per-spective sheds light on the respective socio-political and historical contexts. It also reveals the extreme involution-devolution of formalised language in the Jiang Zemin era, when “preserving stability” was reaffirmed as a crucial concern of the Party leadership with the ultimate aim of preserving its monopoly of power

A Harmonious Family Prospers in Everything: China\u27s One-Child Policy and Dynamics of Parent-Child Relationships in Beijing Families

From the author\u27s introduction: In 1978, Deng Xiaoping regained his leadership as the chairman of the Central Advisory Commission of the Chinese Communist Party, making him the most important leader in China. Under Deng\u27s regime, China embarked on an unprecedented journey toward globalization. Economically, Deng and his team of reformers adopted a series of policies in an attempt to integrate China into the global economy. In the domestic economy, Deng\u27s Economic Reform policies proceeded with privatization of public business sectors and expansion of private business sectors. In the outward or international economy, Deng employed and promoted the open-door policy that initiated foreign trade and investment. Deng and his team believed that global economic integration not only would allow China to exploit her unique comparative advantage [abundant labor and a huge domestic market] in the emerging global economy, but the flow of Western technology, capital and management practices would also enable China to advance the ambitious goals of socialist modernization more rapidly (Sharma 2009: 55). Compared with economic reform, political reform in China was relatively slow and it was handled with tremendous caution. However, Deng still managed to transfer Mao\u27s class-struggle political mentality into an economy-based political guideline (Sharma 2009: 73-75). Deng introduced his theory of democracy1 during the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Party Central Committee. Deng\u27s democracy theory targets democracy as the central goal of the Chinese Communist Party, and it emphasizes the institution of democracy, economic democracy and the development of a legal framework (Yu 2008: 254-256). This political reform allows more equal opportunities for free competitions and less authoritarian control over the citizens\u27 social and political life (Sharma 2009: 73-75). In order to further strengthen China\u27s global power and to create a generation of global elites, Deng and his team implemented the One-Child Policy in the 1980s, a state-coerced population control policy designed to reduce China\u27s fertility rate in a relatively short period of time (Fong 2004: 2-3). Beijing, the capital of China, was one of the Chinese cities that have been greatly affected by the One-Child Policy. A majority of Beijing urban youth born after the 1980s were the sole bearers of their families

The Crystal Structure of Monovalent Streptavidin.

The strong interaction between streptavidin (SA) and biotin is widely utilized in biotechnological applications. A SA variant, monovalent SA, was developed with a single and high affinity biotin-binding site within the intact tetramer. However, its structural characterization remains undetermined. Here, we seek to determine the crystal structure of monovalent SA at 1.7-Å resolution. We show that, in contrast to its 'close-state' in the only wild-type subunit, the L3,4 loops of three Dead SA subunits are free from crystal packing and remain in an 'open state', stabilized by a consistent H-bonding network involving S52. This H-bonding network also applies to the previously reported open state of the wild-type apo-SA. These results suggest that specific substitutions (N23A/S27D/S45A) at biotin-binding sites stabilize the open state of SA L3,4 loop, thereby further reducing biotin-binding affinity. The general features of the 'open state' SA among different SA variants may facilitate its rational design. The structural information of monovalent SA will be valuable for its applications across a wide range of biotechnological areas

GAYA BAHASA DALAM LIRIK LAGU DENG ZIQI

Penelitian ini adalah membahas tentang gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu Deng Ziqi . Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah jenis gaya bahasa apa saja yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu Deng Ziqi dan Mengapa jenis gaya bahasa tersebut digunakan pada lirik lagu Deng Ziqi. Penelitian ini merupakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif berdasarkan teori gaya bahasa yang dikemukan oleh Huang Borong dan liao Xudong dalam buku “ 现 代 汉 语 ”(Xiandai Hanyu), menggunakan model analisis data dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian yang  diperoleh dari penelitian ini, gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu Deng Ziqi terdiri atas 7 jenis gaya bahasa, sedangkan alasan penggunaan gaya bahasa tersebut digunakan karena dapat membuat bahasa lebih menarik, membuat hal-hal yang abstrak menjadi lebih konkret, mengembangkan imajinasi pendengar, bahasa   menjadi lebih hidup, menonjolkan karakteristik, melebih-lebihkan ciri suatu hal, mudah dihafal, memperkuat nada bahasa, membandingkan dua objek yang bertentangan, menekankan perasan tertentu, membuat nada bicara menjadi kuat dan keras.  

Online Exploration of Polygons with Holes

We study online strategies for autonomous mobile robots with vision to explore unknown polygons with at most h holes. Our main contribution is an (h+c_0)!-competitive strategy for such polygons under the assumption that each hole is marked with a special color, where c_0 is a universal constant. The strategy is based on a new hybrid approach. Furthermore, we give a new lower bound construction for small h.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, submitted to WAOA 201

Fast and Accurate Neural Word Segmentation for Chinese

Neural models with minimal feature engineering have achieved competitive performance against traditional methods for the task of Chinese word segmentation. However, both training and working procedures of the current neural models are computationally inefficient. This paper presents a greedy neural word segmenter with balanced word and character embedding inputs to alleviate the existing drawbacks. Our segmenter is truly end-to-end, capable of performing segmentation much faster and even more accurate than state-of-the-art neural models on Chinese benchmark datasets.Comment: To appear in ACL201