On the solvability of systems of pseudodifferential operators

The paper studies the solvability for square systems of pseudodifferential operators. We assume that the system is of principal type, i.e., the principal symbol vanishes of first order on the kernel. We shall also assume that the eigenvalues of the principal symbol close to zero have constant multiplicity. We prove that local solvability for the system is equivalent to condition (PSI) on the eigenvalues of the principal symbol. This condition rules out any sign changes from - to + of the imaginary part of the eigenvalue when going in the positive direction on the bicharacteristics of the real part. Thus we need no conditions on the lower order terms. We obtain local solvability by proving a localizable a priori estimate for the adjoint operator with a loss of 3/2 derivatives (compared with the elliptic case).Comment: Changed Definition 2.5 and corrected the proof of Proposition 2.12. Rewrote Section 2, corrected errors and misprints. Corrected some references and the formulation of Theorem 2.7 and Remark 6.1. The paper has 40 page

Solvability and limit bicharacteristics

We shall study the solvability of pseudodifferential operators which are not of principal type. The operator will have real principal symbol and we shall consider the limits of bicharacteristics at the set where the principal symbol vanishes of at least second order. The convergence shall be as smooth curves, then the limit bicharacteristic is a smooth curve. We shall also need uniform bounds on the curvature of the characteristics at the bicharacteristics, but only along the tangents of a given Lagrangean manifold. This gives uniform bounds on the linearization of the normalized Hamilton flow on the tangent space of this manifold at the bicharacteristics. If the quotient of the imaginary part of the subprincipal symbol with the norm of the Hamilton vector field switches sign from $-$ to $+$ on the bicharacteristics and becomes unbounded as they converge to the limit, then the operator is not solvable at the limit bicharacteristic.Comment: Accepted for publication by Journal of Pseudo-Differential Operators and Application

On the microlocal properties of the range of systems of principal type

The purpose of this paper is to study microlocal conditions for inclusion relations between the ranges of square systems of pseudodifferential operators which fail to be locally solvable. The work is an extension of earlier results for the scalar case in this direction, where analogues of results by L. H\"ormander about inclusion relations between the ranges of first order differential operators with coefficients in $C^\infty$ which fail to be locally solvable were obtained. We shall study the properties of the range of systems of principal type with constant characteristics for which condition (\Psi) is known to be equivalent to microlocal solvability.Comment: Added Theorem 4.7, Corollary 4.8 and Lemma A.4, corrected misprints. The paper has 40 page

Operators of subprincipal type

In this paper we consider the solvability of pseudodifferential operators when the principal symbol vanishes of at least second order at a non-radial involutive manifold $\Sigma_2$. We shall assume that the subprincipal symbol is of principal type with Hamilton vector field tangent to $\Sigma_2$ at the characteristics, but transversal to the symplectic leaves of $\Sigma_2$. We shall also assume that the subprincipal symbol is essentially constant on the leaves of $\Sigma_2$ and does not satisfy the Nirenberg-Treves condition (${\Psi}$) on $\Sigma_2$. In the case when the sign change is of infinite order, we also need a condition on the rate of vanishing of both the Hessian of the principal symbol and the complex part of the gradient of the subprincipal symbol compared with the subprincipal symbol. Under these conditions, we prove that $P$ is not solvable.Comment: Minor corrections and changes of previous version. Added Example 2.9. Accepted for publication in Analysis & PD

Pseudospectra of semi-classical (pseudo)differential operators

The purpose of this note is to show how some results from the theory of partial differential equations apply to the study of pseudo-spectra of non-self-adjoint operators, which is a topic of current interest in applied mathematics.Comment: AMS-LaTeX, 22 page

Solvability of subprincipal type operators

In this paper we consider the solvability of pseudodifferential operators in the case when the principal symbol vanishes of order $k \ge 2$ at a nonradial involutive manifold $\Sigma_2$. We shall assume that the operator is of subprincipal type, which means that the $k$:th inhomogeneous blowup at $\Sigma_2$ of the refined principal symbol is of principal type with Hamilton vector field parallel to the base $\Sigma_2$, but transversal to the symplectic leaves of $\Sigma_2$ at the characteristics. When $k = \infty$ this blowup reduces to the subprincipal symbol. We also assume that the blowup is essentially constant on the leaves of $\Sigma_2$, and does not satisfying the Nirenberg-Treves condition (${\Psi}$). We also have conditions on the vanishing of the normal gradient and the Hessian of the blowup at the characteristics. Under these conditions, we show that $P$ is not solvable.Comment: Changed the formulation of Theorem 2.15, added an assuption. Corrected errors and clarified the arguments. Added reference