Report On The Workshop ‘Global Modelling Of Biodiversity And Ecosystem Services’

A three-day workshop on ‘Global Modelling of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’, was held in the Hague, Netherlands, from 24th to 26th June 2019. The workshop, attended by 35 modelling and scenario-building experts, was organised on behalf of the former IPBES 1 expert group on scenarios and models of the first IPBES work programme by its interim technical support unit, and hosted by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The workshop drew on the ‘nature futures’ participatory scenario-building exercise initiated by the IPBES expert group on scenarios and models, and other biodiversity modelling initiatives such as the ISIMIP project 2 working on adding biodiversity to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios framework, the'bending the curve'initiative 3 led by IIASA 4 and WWF 5, and GEOBON 6 working on modelling Essential Biodiversity Variables. The workshop was a step towards coordinating across biodiversity modelling initiatives, to build on each other’s work, and to seek synergies for the production of innovative scenarios on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform the post-2020 agenda of the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the Sustainable Development Goal

Developing multiscale and integrative nature–people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework

1. Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals. 2. As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). 3. The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales. 4. Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision‐making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature. 5. If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural perspectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to develop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible

Developing multiscale and integrative nature–people scenarios using the Nature Futures Framework

1. Scientists have repeatedly argued that transformative, multiscale global scenarios are needed as tools in the quest to halt the decline of biodiversity and achieve sustainability goals. 2. As a first step towards achieving this, the researchers who participated in the scenarios and models expert group of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) entered into an iterative, participatory process that led to the development of the Nature Futures Framework (NFF). 3. The NFF is a heuristic tool that captures diverse, positive relationships of humans with nature in the form of a triangle. It can be used both as a boundary object for continuously opening up more plural perspectives in the creation of desirable nature scenarios and as an actionable framework for developing consistent nature scenarios across multiple scales. 4. Here we describe the methods employed to develop the NFF and how it fits into a longer term process to create transformative, multiscale scenarios for nature. We argue that the contribution of the NFF is twofold: (a) its ability to hold a plurality of perspectives on what is desirable, which enables the development of joint goals and visions and recognizes the possible convergence and synergies of measures to achieve these visions and (b), its multiscale functionality for elaborating scenarios and models that can inform decision-making at relevant levels, making it applicable across specific places and perspectives on nature. 5. If humanity is to achieve its goal of a more sustainable and prosperous future rooted in a flourishing nature, it is critical to open up a space for more plural per- spectives of human–nature relationships. As the global community sets out to de- velop new goals for biodiversity, the NFF can be used as a navigation tool helping to make diverse, desirable futures possible

Multiscale scenarios for nature futures

Targets for human development are increasingly connected with targets for nature, however, existing scenarios do not explicitly address this relationship. Here, we outline a strategy to generate scenarios centred on our relationship with nature to inform decision-making at multiple scales

Saprophytic and predacious abilities in Arthrobotrys oligospora in relation to dead and living root-knot nematodes

SUIIlmary -An adhesive hyphae forming isolate of Archrobollys otzgospora clearly responded to the condition of its food source, i.e. living, inactivated or dead second-stage juveniles 02) of the root-knot nematode Meloidagyne hapta. Second-stage juveniles 02) immobilized by heating and only able to move the anterior region or the stylet, were surrounded by ring structures similar to hilly mobile juveniles. However, ring Structures were principally developed around the moving head. The fungus penetrated dead, but intact J2 (obtained after treatment with gamma-irradiation or sodium azide), through its buccal cavity with a corkscrew-like structure. DeadJ2 with a broken cuticle were totally overgrown by the fungus with thin vegetative hyphae. Evidently, the isolate of A. otigospora switched between nurritional modes while exploiting different food sources. The saprophytic and predacious ability appeared not to be mutually exclusive. Addition of dead juveniles to a fungal colony prior to live juveniles did not affect attachment or the development of trophic hyphae through the latter. But one day after addition of the living juveniles, the proportion of live juveniles with ring structures raised in comparison with all juveniles added at the same time. The development of trophic hyphae in killed J2 was delayed in the presence of live J2. The results refute the commonly held assumption that poor conditions for saprophytic growth are a prerequisite for a predacious mode of feeding. Resume -Capacii.es saprophytique et predatrice chez Arthrobotrys oligospora vis-a-vis de juveniles de Meloidogyne morts ou vivants -Un isolar d'Arlhrobol1Ys otigospora formant des hyphes adhesifs reagit nettemenr a I'etat de sa source de nourriture, en ce cas des juveniles de deuxieme stade 02) de J'v[etoidogyne hapta, vivants, inactives ou morts. Les J2 rendus irnmobiles par chauffage et uniquemenr capables de mouvoir leur stylet sont entoW"es par des structures annulaires identiques acelles produites dans le cas de J2 parfaitement mobiles; cependant ces structures sont surtout pn~sentes autour de la region cephalique, demeuree seule mobile. Le champignon penetre dans lesJ2 morts mais restes intacts -obtenus apres traitement aux rayons gamma ou al'azide de sodium -atravers la cavite buccale aI'aide de structures en tire-bouchons. Les J2 morts ayant une cuticule alteree sont totalement recouverts par de fins hyphes vegetatifs. A l'evidence, l'isolat de A. otigospora passe de I'un aI'autre type de prise de nourriture suivant la source de cette derniere. Les modes saprophytique et predateur n'apparaissent pas s'exclure l'un l'autre. Le fait de placer des J2 morts au contact d'une colonie fongique avant d'y placer des J2 vivants n'affecte pas la formation et I'attache des hyphes trophiques sW" ces derniers; mais un jour apres I'addition des J2 vivants, la proportion de ces juveniles pourvus de structures annulaires augmente par rapport au nombre total de juveniles lorsque places au meme moment. Le developpement des hyphes trophiques chez les J2 morts est retarde en presence de J2 vivants. Ces resultats contredisent I'affirmation courante suivant laquelle de mauvaises conditions de croissance saprophytique constituent un preliminaire oblige pour un mode de nutrition predatrice

Report on the workshop ‘Global Modelling of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’. June 2019, the Hague, the Netherlands

A three-day workshop on ‘Global Modelling of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services’, was held in the Hague, Netherlands, from 24th to 26th June 2019. The workshop, attended by 35 modelling and scenario-building experts, was organised on behalf of the former IPBES1expert group on scenarios and models of the first IPBES work programme by its interim technical support unit, and hosted by the PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. The workshop drew on the ‘nature futures’ participatory scenario-building exercise initiated by the IPBES expert group on scenarios and models, and other biodiversity modelling initiatives such as the ISIMIP project2 working on adding biodiversity to the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios framework, the 'bending the curve' initiative3 led by IIASA4 and WWF5, and GEOBON6 working on modelling Essential Biodiversity Variables.The workshop was a step towards coordinating across biodiversity modelling initiatives, to build on each other’s work, and to seek synergies for the production of innovative scenarios on biodiversity and ecosystem services to inform the post-2020 agenda of the Convention on Biological Diversity, as well as the Sustainable Development Goals