9 research outputs found
Newly characterized pathogenicity-correlated genes are suitable in a PCR-test for a further differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici-isolates from the JKI strain collection
Am Beispiel von Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis (f. sp.) lycopersici aus der JKI-Stammsammlung wurde das Vorkommen des PathogenitĂ€ts-korrelierten, bedingt ĂŒberzĂ€hligen (conditional dispensable, CD) Chromosoms mittels PCR untersucht. So lieĂ sich nur bei F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici das Vorhandensein des CD-Chromosoms mit der PCR nachweisen, wĂ€hrend bei der nahe verwandten f. sp. radicis-lycopersici dieses Chromosom fehlte.
Die These einer stattgefundenen Ăbertragung des CD-Chromosoms auf verschiedene klonale Linien von F. oxysporum wurde durch die Verwendung von teilspezifischen Primern zur Untersuchung des chromosomalen âHintergrundsâ der einzelnen Fusarium oxysporum-Isolate getestet. Bei zehn in der JKI-Stammsammlung vorhandenen F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici-Isolaten lieĂen sich deutlich zwei verschiedene chromosomale âHintergrĂŒndeâ mit insgesamt drei verwendeten teilspezifischen Primerpaaren nachweisen. Mit diesen Versuchen konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Polyphyletie bei F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici vorliegt, es also zwei verschiedene Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici-Linien in der JKI-Stammsammlung gibt, die dieses CD-Chromosom besitzen. Polyphyletische Studien könnten zukĂŒnftig als zusĂ€tzliches Kriterium zur Einordnung von Fusarium-Isolaten verwendet werden.Fusarium oxysporum forma specialis (f. sp.) lycopersici was evaluated as an example from the JKI strain colÂlection to detect the occurrence of the pathogenicity-correlated conditional dispensable (CD) chromosome via PCR. Only in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici the CD-chromosome could be detected, while it was not detected in the closely related F. sp. radicis-lycopersici.
The theory of a transfer of the CD-chromosome into different clonal lines of F. oxysporum was tested by the application of partly-specific primers to investigate the chromosomal background of each isolate. Ten conserved Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici isolates of the JKI strain collection were clearly differentiated into two chromosomal categories, when three partly-specific primer pairs were applied. With these experiments it could be shown that Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was polyphyletic, i. e. there are two different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici lines in the JKI strain collection possessing the CD chromosome. In future, polyphyletic studies could be used as an additional criterion for the classification of Fusarium isolates
Julius KĂŒhn and cultivated crops: A historical review of his work commemorating the 100 anniversary of his death
Am 14. April 1910 verstarb der Landwirt und Wissenschaftler Prof. Dr. Julius KĂŒhn in Halle (Saale). Sein ungeheurer Schaffensdrang, seine immerwĂ€hrende Arbeitslust aber auch unendliche HerzensgĂŒte machten ihn zu einer herausragenden Persönlichkeit und zum Vorbild tausender Studenten, die ihn liebevoll âVater KĂŒhnâ nannten. Er gilt als BegrĂŒnder des agrarwissenschaftlichen Studiums, hat die âPrĂŒfungsanstalt fĂŒr landwirtschaftliche Maschinen und GerĂ€teâ aufgebaut, sich fĂŒr die GrĂŒndung pflanzenpathologischer Anstalten â quasi der VorgĂ€ngerorganisation des Julius KĂŒhn-Instituts â eingesetzt und schuf mit der âVersuchsstation fĂŒr Nematodenvertilgung Halleâ den VorlĂ€ufer des amtÂlichen Pflanzenschutzdienstes in Deutschland. Damit hatte Julius KĂŒhn die erforderlichen Strukturen geschaffen, landwirtschaftliche Forschung zu betreiben, Lösungen zu erarbeiten und diese in der Praxis zu etablieren. Wie kaum ein Zweiter hat Julius KĂŒhn die landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung in Deutschland vorangetrieben. Unter anderem etablierte er das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen, fĂŒhrte die Drillsaat in Schlesien ein, erkannte in dem RĂŒbenzystennematoden Heterodera schachtii den wahren Verursacher der RĂŒbenmĂŒdigkeit und beschrieb bedeutende Schaderreger, wie Ditylenchus dipsaci und Rhizoctonia solani. Sein wegweisendes Werk Die Krankheiten der KulturgewĂ€chse, ihre Ursachen und ihre VerhĂŒtung gilt als das weltweit erste phytomedizinische Lehrbuch. Bis heute werden die Arbeiten Julius KĂŒhns in verschiedensten Institutionen fortgefĂŒhrt, so auch im Julius KĂŒhn-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut fĂŒr Kulturpflanzen, dessen Namensgeber er ist. AnlĂ€sslich des 100sten Todestages von Julius KĂŒhn soll dieser Beitrag an seine wegweisenden Arbeiten auf dem Gebiet der Kulturpflanzen erinnern.On April 14, 1910 the farmer and scientist Prof. Dr. Julius KĂŒhn passed away in Halle, Germany. His enormous scientific productivity and creativity along with his ongoing enthusiasm and kind-heartedness made him an outstanding personality and an archetype for thousands of his students which called him fondly âFather KĂŒhnâ. He established agricultural sciences at the university, co-launched the âInstitute for inspection of agricultural machinery and equipmentsâ, postulated the need for phytopathological Institutes â such as the Julius KĂŒhn-Institut â and established the âExperimental Station of Nematode Control Halleâ, predecessor of the Plant Protection Service in Germany. Hence, Julius KĂŒhn created the infrastructure to study the mechanisms of modern agriculture, develop solutions and established them in praxis. Unlike any other person, Julius KĂŒhn promoted agricultural development in Germany. He established modern field experimentation, introduced the drill seed technology in Silesia, discovered the beet cyst nematode as origin of the beet replant disease and described important plant pathogens such as Ditylenchus dipsaci and Rhizoctonia solani. His great work Die Krankheiten der KulturgewĂ€chse, ihre Ursachen und ihre VerhĂŒtung is considered to be the first text book in phytopathology worldwide. Today, his work is continued by several institutions such as the Julius KĂŒhn-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Cultivated Plants, which is carrying on his name. The 100 year anniversary of his death is commemorated by reviewing some of his pioneering research on cultivated plants
Recombinant human hyaluronidase Hyal-1: insect cells versus Escherichia coli as expression system and identification of low molecular weight inhibitors +
Luciferase reporter gene assay on human, murine and rat histamine H4 receptor orthologs: correlations and discrepancies between distal and proximal readouts
The investigation of the (patho)physiological role of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) and its validation as a possible drug target in translational animal models are compromised by distinct species-dependent discrepancies regarding potencies and receptor subtype selectivities of the pharmacological tools. Such differences were extremely pronounced in case of proximal readouts, e. g. [32P]GTPase or [35S]GTPÎłS binding assays. To improve the predictability of in vitro investigations, the aim of this study was to establish a reporter gene assay for human, murine and rat H4Rs, using bioluminescence as a more distal readout. For this purpose a cAMP responsive element (CRE) controlled luciferase reporter gene assay was established in HEK293T cells, stably expressing the human (h), the mouse (m) or the rat (r) H4R. The potencies and efficacies of 21 selected ligands (agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists) were determined and compared with the results obtained from proximal readouts. The potencies of the examined ligands at the human H4R were consistent with reported data from [32P]GTPase or [35S]GTPÎłS binding assays, despite a tendency toward increased intrinsic efficacies of partial agonists. The differences in potencies of individual agonists at the three H4R orthologs were generally less pronounced compared to more proximal readouts. In conclusion, the established reporter gene assay is highly sensitive and reliable. Regarding discrepancies compared to data from functional assays such as [32P]GTPase and [35S]GTPÎłS binding, the readout may reflect multifactorial causes downstream from G-protein activation, e. g. activation/amplification of or cross-talk between different signaling pathways