Діяльність Жоржа Бюффона як передумова появи еволюційної теорії

У статті висвітлюється внесок Ж. Бюффона у становлення та розвиток еволюційної теорії. Зазначається, що вчений доказував, що еволюція – це відродження. Бюффон так і не зміг звільнитися від ессенціалізму. Врешті-решт він повернувся до ідеї постійності видів. Він став доводити, що хоча види і піддаються змінам, то лише небагато, і один вид походити від іншого просто не може

Діяльність Жоржа Бюффона як передумова появи еволюційної теорії

The article highlights the contribution of G. Buffon in the formation and development of evolutionary theory. It is noted, that the scientist proved that evolution is a rebirth. Buffon could not get rid of the essentialism.Finally, he returned to the idea of permanence of species. He began to argue, that although the species are exposed to change then only a little, and one species simply cannot originate from other.В статье освещается вклад Ж. Бюффона в становление и развитие эволюционной теории. Отмечается, что ученый досказывал, что эволюция – это возрождение. Бюффон так и не смог освободиться от эссенциализма. В конце концов он вернулся к идее постоянства видов. Он стал доказывать, что хотя виды и поддаются изменениям, то лишь немного, и один вид происходить от другого просто не может.У статті висвітлюється внесок Ж. Бюффона у становлення та розвиток еволюційної теорії. Зазначається, що вчений доказував, що еволюція – це відродження. Бюффон так і не зміг звільнитися від ессенціалізму. Врешті-решт він повернувся до ідеї постійності видів. Він став доводити, що хоча види і піддаються змінам, то лише небагато, і один вид походити від іншого просто не може

Studying the genetic structure of Quercus robur forest stands on anthropogenically transformed territories using introns of the β-tubulin gene

Based on the analysis of the intron polymorphism of β-tubulin genes, the genetic variability of old Quercus robur L. trees from “Holosiivsky” NPP was investigated. The genotyping of 55 old Q. robur trees was carried out; 40 polymorphic and one monomorphic (about 880 bp) TBR fragments were found. High frequency (70–90%) of occurrence of fragments with an approximate molecular weight of 275, 490, 500, and 1110 bp was observed.The genetic polymorphism of old Q. robur trees was assessed as quite high: РІС is 0.22 – 0.39, the effective number of alleles per locus was 1.174–1.268. The Shannon information index was in the range of 0.204–0.269.The geographical differentiation of the genetic structure of centuries-old oak trees from “Holosiivsky” NPP was not pronounced. The share of inter-selection genetic variability (AMOVA) accounts for about 6% of genetic variability, and the geographic component – about 1%. Around 93% of genetic variability is concentrated on the individual level. Using the ТВР method, we found that Q. robur forest stands do not have a stabilized genetic and visible spatial structure, but at the same time they possess a sufficiently large genetic diversity. The absence of a spatial genetic structure may indicate the artificial origin of Q. robur trees from different seed materials, and also that a small number of the plants have survived to this time. In this case, the main influence on the structure of oak stands in “Holosiivsky” NPP was from anthropogenic factors, both in the form of cutting down trees and, possibly, the introduction of alien seed material

Bovine leukemia virus discovered in human blood

Abstract Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in cattle globally and is present in marketed beef and dairy products. Human infection with BLV has been reported in breast and lung cancer tissues and was significantly associated with breast cancer in 3 case-control studies. The purpose of this current research was to determine if BLV is present in human blood cells and if antibodies to BLV are related to blood cell infection. Methods Standard liquid PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to test for BLV in buffy coat cells (leukocytes and platelets) of blood specimens from 95 self-selected female subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, IgM, and IgA was used to detect antibodies to BLV in the plasma of the corresponding blood samples. Results BLV DNA was detected in the buffy coat cells of blood in 33/95 (38%) of the subjects by PCR and DNA sequencing. IgG antibodies were detected in 30/95(32%), IgM in 55/95(58%), and IgA in 30/95(32%) of the subjects. There was no significant correlation between presence of the antibodies and presence of BLV DNA. Conclusions This first report of BLV in human blood raises the question of whether infection of leukocytes could conceivably lead to leukemia as it does in infected cattle. Also, system wide circulation of infected blood cells could facilitate BLV transit to various internal tissues/organs with potential for their infection and subsequent development of cancer. The most likely route of BLV transmission to humans would be zoonotic, as a foodborne infection. Although eradicated from cattle in some countries, BLV still has a high rate of infection in the Americas, the Middle East, and parts of Europe and Asia. This report of BLV in the blood layer containing human leukocytes/platelets adds important information which could be useful to elucidate possible routes of transmission of BLV to humans and to prevent further human infection.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148517/1/12879_2019_Article_3891.pd

Клинические случаи рецидивирующей бубонной и легочной форм туляремии

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Bovine leukemia virus discovered in human blood

BackgroundBovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in cattle globally and is present in marketed beef and dairy products. Human infection with BLV has been reported in breast and lung cancer tissues and was significantly associated with breast cancer in 3 case-control studies. The purpose of this current research was to determine if BLV is present in human blood cells and if antibodies to BLV are related to blood cell infection.MethodsStandard liquid PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to test for BLV in buffy coat cells (leukocytes and platelets) of blood specimens from 95 self-selected female subjects.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, IgM, and IgA was used to detect antibodies to BLV in the plasma of the corresponding blood samples.ResultsBLV DNA was detected in the buffy coat cells of blood in 33/95 (38%) of the subjects by PCR and DNA sequencing. IgG antibodies were detected in 30/95(32%), IgM in 55/95(58%), and IgA in 30/95(32%) of the subjects. There was no significant correlation between presence of the antibodies and presence of BLV DNA.ConclusionsThis first report of BLV in human blood raises the question of whether infection of leukocytes could conceivably lead to leukemia as it does in infected cattle. Also, system wide circulation of infected blood cells could facilitate BLV transit to various internal tissues/organs with potential for their infection and subsequent development of cancer. The most likely route of BLV transmission to humans would be zoonotic, as a foodborne infection. Although eradicated from cattle in some countries, BLV still has a high rate of infection in the Americas, the Middle East, and parts of Europe and Asia. This report of BLV in the blood layer containing human leukocytes/platelets adds important information which could be useful to elucidate possible routes of transmission of BLV to humans and to prevent further human infection