The Smear Layer Removal Efficiency of Different Concentrations of EDTA in primary teeth: A SEM Study

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) on smear layer removal in primary teeth by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and Methods: The present study was performed with 28 extracted upper primary incisors assigned into four main groups (n=7) as 5%, 10% and 17% EDTA, and 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). The root canal surfaces (coronal, middle and apical) were scanned by SEM and scores of smear layer removal were recorded and compared after the root canal irrigation procedures. The results were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis, Friedman and Dunn tests. Results: In all the root portions, although EDTA groups removed the smear layer more effectively than NaOCl, a statistically significant difference was observed between 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl only in middle third (p <0.05). Also, smear layer was removed more effectively in coronal than apical in most of the groups (10% EDTA, 17% EDTA and 1% NaOCl) (p <0.05). Erosive defects were mostly seen in 17% EDTA and less than 10% EDTA group. These findings were not detected in 5% EDTA and 1% NaOCl group. Conclusions: It is possible to recommend the use of 5% EDTA irrigation solution in root canal treatment of primary teeth due to its similar smear layer removal efficacy with NaOCl and high concentration EDTA groups, low erosive potential and low concentration for periapical safety

Interaction among the Criteria Affecting Main Battle Tank Selection: An Analysis with DEMATEL Method

Main battle tanks (MBTs) have always been in the heart of all military campaigns and have enabled armies to fight across the full spectrum of war. Countries need to consider the complex interactions between subsystems of MBTs in the decision phase of a design process or MBT acquisition. In order to define the interaction among the subsystems of ‘system of systems’, which is MBT system for this case, this study aims to determine the criteria and their sub criteria affecting MBT selection problem and to analyse the cause and effect relations among these criteria. The criteria and the complex interaction among them have been determined by consulting a group of experts. Because of multiple complex criteria interactions in MBT selection problem, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method is used as a multiple criteria decision making method. DEMATEL method is applied on the main and the sub criteria separately to understand the cause and effect relations. The results show that Survivability main criterion has the strongest central role among the main criteria for MBT selection, while the followers are firepower, mobility and command and control (C2). It is also shown that, in terms of sub criteria for MBT selection, ballistic protection, a sub criterion of survivability main criterion, has the highest degree of influence over most of the other sub criteria. However, physical dimensions/silhouette, another sub criterion of survivability, is the most affected sub criteria. The top five sub criteria in terms of central role are determined as physical dimensions/silhouette, ballistic protection, power/weight ratio, ground pressure and suspension system

THE EFFECTS OF UNCONTROLLED EXTRACTIONS OF THE PERMANENT LOWER FIRST MOLARS ON THE PROGNOSIS OF SPONTANEOUS SPACE CLOSURE AND OCCLUSION

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of spontaneous space closure and occlusion in uncontrolled permanent lower first molar extractions in patients with different developmental stages. Materials and Methods: Fifty permanent lower first molar extractions were included in the study. Extractions were divided into two groups as appropriate-timing (Group 1- 6th or 7th stages of Nolla) and late-timing (Group 2- 8th or 9th stages of Nolla), according to the Nolla calcification stage of permanent second molar germs in the same quadrant. In the 24th month, based on clinical/radiological/photographic data, the success of spontaneous space closure, rotation degrees of adjacent teeth, and dental midline deviations were evaluated. Results: Successful spontaneous space closure was observed in 52% in Group 1, and no successful result was present in Group 2. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Rotation results of adjacent teeth were determined more frequently in Group 2, and the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.138, p=0.084, p=0.120). Dental midline deviations were statistically significantly higher in unilateral extractions compared to bilateral extractions (p=0.006). Conclusions: The timing of permanent lower first molar extractions for successful spontaneous space closure should be planned at the sixth or seventh development stage of the permanent lower second molar, according to Nolla’s classification. Since rotations in adjacent teeth occur regardless of extraction timing, cases should be followed-up and intervened if necessary. Besides, unilateral permanent first molar tooth extractions should be avoided as much as possible since they cause dental midline deviation

Accuracy of In Vitro Radiographs in Determining the Remaining Dentin Thickness below Deep Dentin Caries in Deciduous Molars

Background/Aim: The determination of remaining dentin thickness (RDT) is quite critical in providing appropriate treatment indications especially in deciduous molars. The aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy of in vitro pre-operative radiographs before caries removal in RDT measurement

The assessment of internal adaptation and fracture resistance of glass ionomer and resin-based restorative materials applied after different caries removal techniques in primary teeth: an in-vitro study

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the 3-dimensional (3D) internal adaptation (IA) and fracture resistance (FR) of compomer and glass ionomers applied after conventional caries removal to sound dentin (CCRSD) and selective caries removal to firm dentin (SCRFD) in in-vitro. Methods Thirty extracted primary molars were randomly assigned to three main groups (n = 10) as glass hybrid restorative (GHR) (Equia Forte® HT), conventional glass ionomer (CGIR) (Voco Ionofil Molar) and compomer (Dyract XP). Each group was randomly divided into two subgroups according to caries removal technique as CCRSD (n = 5) and SCRFD (n = 5). The restoration procedures were completed after caries removal (CCRSD or SCRFD) in all samples. Then, specimens were subjected to IA and FR tests. Data were analyzed with Student’s t, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis-H tests. The correlation between IA and FR results was analyzed with a Pearson test. The statistical significance level was considered as 5%. Results While CCRSD showed superior IA results than SCRFD for all restorative materials (p 0.05). In CCRSD, compomer showed superior results for IA and FR than glass ionomers (p 0.05). However, compomer showed superior FR results than glass ionomers (p < 0.05). There was moderate negative correlation between internal voids and FR without statistically significant difference (r = −0.333, p = 0.072). Conclusions Despite the advantages of SCRFD, it was found to be less superior than CCRSD in IA assessment. Therefore, when SCRFD is preferred, a peripheral seal should be provided for ideal restorative treatment. On the other hand, compomer mostly showed superior results compared to others

Borsa Istanbul'da Haftanin Günü Anomalisi; Garch Model Analizi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Borsa İstanbul BIST-100 Endeksi'nde Haftanın Günü Anomalisinin varlığını araştırmaktır. Bu amaçla 03.01.2005-06.11.2015 döneminde firmaların kapanış fiyatları veri seti olarak kullanılmıştır. Veriler logaritmik farkları alınarak getiri serilerine dönüştürülmüş ve GARCH (1,1) Model analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Pazartesi ve Perşembe günlerinin getirilerini temsil eden katsayıların anlamlı çıkmasına rağmen, haftanın işlem günlerine ait ortalama getiriler birbirine eşittir. Sonuç olarak, incelenen dönemde BIST-100 endeksinde Haftanın Günü Anomalisine rastlanmamıştır.The aim of this study is to investigate the Day of the Week Effect (DWE) in Borsa Istanbul BIST-100 Index. For this purpose, the dataset of closing prices of the firms was gathered from 03.01.2005 to 06.11.2015. The data transformed to return series by taking logarithmic differences, and analyzed with GARCH (1,1) Model. According to the findings, although the coefficients representing the returns of Monday and Thursday are statistically significant, the returns of the trading days of the week are equal. Consequently, for the related period, DWE did not detected in BIST-100 Index

Resin Nanoceramic CAD/CAM Restoration of the Primary Molar: 3-Year Follow-Up Study

This case report presents the clinical use of a resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM restoration of a primary second molar without successor in the form of a permanent second premolar tooth in a patient. Three-year follow-up of the case revealed that resin nanoceramic CAD/CAM restoration of the primary molar without successor achieved both aesthetics and function. Despite the high cost of treatment, this type of restoration should be considered if the retained tooth is expected to maintain functionality over the long term

Comparison of microbial protein synthesis and nutrient digestibility of Medicago sativa and Prangos pabularia hay in sheep

WOS: 000430654900013The aim of this study was to compare feed intake, nutrients digestibility, protein fractions entering into the duodenum, and ruminal fermentation parameters of sheep fed Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and Prangos pabularia, locally called kerkol hays. In the study three ruminally and duodenally cannulated Morkaraman sheep were used. It was carried out as two periods within a 2x3 crossover experimental design. Daily intake of crude protein (CP) was higher (P< 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa than those fed kerkol hay. Digestibility of NDF and ADF were lower (P< 0.05) in sheep fed alfalfa hay than those fed kerkol hay (P< 0.05). The percentage of protein escaping ruminal degradation was higher (P< 0.05) in sheep fed kerkol hay (30.73%) than those fed alfalfa hay (15.05%). Ruminal fermentation parameters were similar between groups, except ruminal NH3-N concentration. It is concluded that kerkol hay can be used as forage for sheep feeding