Karaciğer yağlanmasına karşı kullanılan bitkisel preparatlar: Sistematik derleme

The fatty liver disease is defined as more than 5% of liver histiocytes filled with fatty vacuoles, depending on diet and indepen- dent of alcohol consumption. As it is known, fatty liver and related dis- orders are common, but still have no effective treatment. It is one of the important health problems in developed countries, associated with social and economic problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is among the most common chronic metabolic disorders. It was observed that the prevalence of NAFLD has increased significantly worldwide in recent years. With advancing obesity epidemics, NAFLD has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease both in adults and children. Therefore, the clinical and economic burden of the disease is remarkable and increasing within the health system. While fatty liver is a metabolic disorder that has no definite drug treatment today, there are some traditional preparations used for this purpose as ethnobotanically. According to ethnobotanical studies in the current lit- erature associated to liver diseases; various in vitro, in vivo, or clinical experimental studies were reported with successful results. Thus, in this present review, studies on natural sourced raw materials, herbal for- mulations related to liver diseases, especially fatty liver, obesity, hy- perlipidemia were compiled mainly from ethnobotanical origin.Beslenmeye bağlı, alkol tüketiminden bağımsız karaciğer his- tiositlerinin %5’ten fazlasının yağ vakuolleriyle dolu olması “yağlı ka- raciğer hastalığı” olarak tan ımlanmaktadır. Bilindiği üzere karaci ğer yağlanması ve karaciğer yağlanmasına bağlı rahatsızlıklar sık görülen ancak günümüzde kanıtlanmış etkin bir tedavisi olmayan metabolik ra- hatsızlıklardır. Ülkemizde de önemli sa ğlık sorunlarının başında gel- mekte olup, sosyal ve ekonomik problemleri beraberinde getirmektedir. Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, gelişmiş ülkelerde en yaygın kro- nik metabolik rahats ızlıklar arasındadır. Son y ıllarda alkole ba ğlı ol- mayan yağlı karaciğer hastalığı prevalansının dünya genelinde önemli bir şekilde arttığı gözlenmiştir. İlerleyen obezite salgınları ile nonalko- lik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı, erişkinlerde ve çocuklarda kronik karaci- ğer hastalığının en yayg ın nedeni hâline gelmi ştir. Bu nedenle ya ğlı karaciğer hastalığının klinik ve ekonomik yükü dikkate de ğerdir. Ka- raciğer yağlanması, günümüzde kesin bir ilaç tedavisi olmayan bir me- tabolik rahats ızlık iken, halk aras ında bu amaçla kullan ılan baz ı geleneksel preparatlar mevcuttur. Karaciğer rahatsızlıklarında bitkiler etnobotanik çalışmalarda yer almış; çeşitli in vitro, in vivo veya klinik deneysel araştırmalarda yer almış olup, başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Bu derlemede, bilhassa karaciğer yağlanması, obezite, hiperlipidemi başta olmak üzere karaciğer rahatsızlıkları ile ilişkili bitkiler, bitkisel formü- lasyonlar ve bitkilerden elde edilen do ğal kaynaklı ham maddeler ile yapılan çalışmalar listelenmiştir. Gerek halk arasında kullanımları içe- ren, gerek deneysel çalışmaları (in vivo ve klinik çalışmalar) içeren ma- kaleler derlenmiş ve özetlenmiştir

Influence of Bloodmeal Source on Reproductive Output of the Potential West Nile Vector, Culex theileri (Diptera: Culicidae)

Culex theileri Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) has a wide Afrotropical, southern Palaearctic, northern Oriental, and European distribution. It is mainly considered as a mammophilic mosquito and also feeds on birds and serves as a vector for various zoonotic diseases including West Nile virus. Despite its broad distribution and evidence indicating that Cx. theileri is a competent vector of human and domestic animal pathogens, basic biological and ecological features of this species have not been well investigated. We evaluated the impact of bloodmeal source (human, chicken, cow, and a double bloodmeal such as human and cow or chicken and cow and mixed bloodmeals [cow, chicken, and human] via artificial feeding) on fecundity, hatching rates, developmental times, and viability from egg to adult for laboratory colonized Cx. theileri. Fecundity in mosquitoes that took a chicken bloodmeal, a double bloodmeal and mixed bloodmeals was significantly higher than in females fed on a single cow or single human blood. This is the first study about the bloodmeal sources effect on laboratory-reared Cx. theileri populations and these findings contribute to our understanding of the impact of bloodmeal source on reproduction in Cx. theileri. As it is known that Cx. theileri is a vector for West Nile virus, the potential impacts of bloodmeal source on virus transmission are discusse

ACE2 and LOX enzyme inhibitions of different lavender essential oils and major components linalool and camphor

In this present study, Lavandula angustifolia, Lavandula stoechas, and Lavandula x heterophylla essential oils and their main compounds linalool and camphor were evaluated in vitro for lipoxygenase enzyme (LOX) and for angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition potential. The chemical compositions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were confirmed both by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, where 22.4, 0.9, and 30.6% linalool and 17.8, 54.7, and 15% camphor were identified for each oil among other components, respectively. Enzyme inhibitory activity studies were performed at 20 mu g/mL for the tested essential oils, whereas for linalool and camphor concentrations, 5 mu g/mL was used. The ACE2 inhibitions of L. angustifolia, L. stoechas, and L. heterophylla essential oils were 25.4, 34.1, and 27.1%, while the LOX inhibitions were observed as 79, 49.1, and 86.7%, respectively. In addition, linalool and camphor showed remarkable ACE2 inhibition with 77.1 and 85.1%, whereas the LOX inhibition was observed at 92 and 67.2%, respectively. In conclusion of the initial findings, further detailed in vivo studies are needed to confirm the safe use.Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects Commissio

Characterization of Lecanicillium psalliotae and Akanthomyces muscarium from Sunn pests (Eurygaster spp.)

Sunn pests, which can cause significant yield losses on wheat and barley, are one of the pests whose population levels should be followed. Overwintering areas, which have an important place in the biology of the insect, provide an advantage in the development of biological or integrated control with entomopathogenic fungi. Entomopathogenic fungi are one of the most important control agents in reducing the population in overwintering areas. In this study, one Lecanicillium psalliotae (KK8) isolate and one Akanthomyces muscarium (DIKA11/1) isolate were identified according to morphologic and molecular data. Pathogenicity test was carried out with DIKA11/1 A. muscarium isolate. Adult insects were inoculated with a 1×107 conidia/ml suspension. With this current study, A. muscarium was reported for the first time on sunn pests with 87.7% mortality rate. The L. psalliotae species, which is a pathogen on other insects and sunn pests, was isolated from the sunn pests and identified from Turkey. It is thought that DIKA11/1 A. muscarium isolate can be used in the biological control of this insect and commercial formulation development studies

The role of memory in the historiography of Hatay

This thesis challenges the notion that historical events can be presented in a single way. The possibility,instead, of multiple historical narratives as a result of variations in ethnic and religious backgrounds is put forward via an ethnographic study conducted in Hatay,in 2007.Historically speaking, Hatay’s annexation to Turkey in 1939 is the end point in a series of events beginning as far back as World War I. French occupation of the region by the aftermath of World War I, and years of control by the French mandate regime were effective on shaping the ethno-religiously diverse groups of the city. Claims of Turks, French and Arabs on the region were accompanied by diplomatic relations at the state level. In the course of these events, the people in Hatay developed unique strategies to engineer the best outcome for themselves. Thus, every group experienced and stored the past in a different manner. With the aim of revealing such variation in memory and interpretations of the past, ten oral interviews were conducted with a critical reading of sources. Juxtaposition of the memories and the written sources displayed significant differences in representations of the past. In addition to the nature of the transmission of collective memories, present social, economic, and political conditions effected how people reconstructed the past. Explanations of historical events by groups or individuals of different ethno-religious backgrounds resulted in variations in the case of Hatay. For instance, a Sunni Arab highlighted different points than a nationalist Turk or an Alawite Arab. Consequently, this study will focus on different approaches to the past and suggest that a more complete picture can be achieved when documents and oral narratives are employed together

Phlomis Pungens’in fitokimya ve in vitro farmakolojik etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Phlomis pungens Willd. extract derived from the aerial parts. Material and Method: The phytochemical analysis was performed using GC-MS in order to identify the volatile components of the bioactive Hex extract. The wound healing activity of P. pungens extract was evaluated based on in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, scratch activity was studied. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the extract was also evaluated. Result and Discussion: P. pungens methanol extract depicted a 5-LOX inhibitory activity at 78.2µg/mL (IC50), while the antioxidant activity by DPPH radical provided an IC50=2.41mg/mL, and the ABTS radical showed IC50=3.32mg/mL, respectively. The extract showed dose-dependently anti-inflammatory activity while L-NAME and P. pungens methanol extract significantly decreased LPS stimulated PGE2 production. According to the scratch assay results, all treatments led to an increase in cell migration rate with a dose-dependent effect. Our findings suggested that P. pungens methanol extract may have a role in wound healing according to the scratch test, and it is thought that its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity also contributed. Further evaluations are ongoing to confirm the in vitro activity under in vivo conditions.Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Phlomis pungens Willd. topraküstü kısımlarından elde edilen ekstrelerin in vitro yara iyileşmesi, antiinflamatuar, antimikrobiyal ve antioksidan aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Biyoaktif hekzan ekstresinin uçucu bileşenlerini belirlemek için fitokimyasal analiz GC-MS kullanılarak yapılmıştır. P. pungens ekstresinin yara iyileştirme aktivitesi, in vitro antimikrobiyal, antioksidan, antiinflamatuar etkinlikleri değerlendirilmiş ve ek olarak ekstrenin in vitro sitotoksisitesi de değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç ve Tartışma: P. pungens metanol ekstresi, 78,2 µg/mL'de (IC50) 5-LOX inhibe edici aktivite gösterirken, DPPH yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesi IC50=2.41mg/mL ve ABTS IC50=3.32 mg/mL olarak bulunmuştur. Ekstre, doza bağlı olarak anti-inflamatuar aktivite gösterirken, L-NAME ve P. pungens metanol ekstresi, LPS ile uyarılan PGE2 üretimini önemli ölçüde azaltmıştır. Strach metodu sonuçlarına göre doza bağlı etki ile hücre göç hızında bir artış gözlemlenmiştir. Bulgularımız, starch testine göre P. pungens metanol ekstresinin yara iyileşmesinde rol oynayabileceğini ve antioksidan ve antiinflamatuar aktivitesinin de katkıda bulunduğu düşündürmüştür. İn vivo koşullar altında in vitro aktiviteyi doğrulamak için başka değerlendirmeler devam etmektedir

Bioautography for evaluation of several Lavandula L. and origanum species antimicrobial and antioxidant activity

In the search of bioactive natural compounds, bioautography of plant extracts were associated in an antioxidant screening. Due to containing variety of phenolic compounds Lavandula and Origanum species are important medicinal plants. The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Lavandula angustifolia, L. stoechas, L. heterophylla, Origanum majorana, O. onites, O. vulgare, O. minituflorum, and their main phenolic compounds linalool and carvacrol was carried out by TLC-bioautography method based on the DPPH· andABTS·+ assays to compare essential oils and known main active constituents. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was tested using the in vitro broth microdilution assay towards two different microorganisms. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans were used for the study. As a result of our studies, it is determined that O. vulgare showed the highest activity against S. mutans and O. onites and O. vulgare showed the highest activity against MRSA. compared to the tested antibiotic

The Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Integrative Self-knowledge Scale

AbstractThe aim of this research is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Integrative self -knowledge Scale (ISKS; Ghorbani, Watson, & Hargis, 2008). Participants were 396 university students (277 were female and 119 were male) from Sakarya University. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the three dimensional model was well fitted and Chi-Square value (x2=108. 38, df=49, p=0. 00) which was calculated for the adaptation of the model was found to be significant. The goodness of fit index values of the model were RMSEA=.055, NFI=.97, CFI=.98, IFI=.98, RFI=.96, GFI=.96, and SRMR=.041. The internal consistency coefficients of three subscales were .74, .77, and .83, respectively. The overall internal consistency coefficient of the scale was .86. The corrected item-total correlations of ISKS ranged from .37 to .67. Overall findings demonstrated that this scale had high validity and reliability scores and that it may be used as a valid and reliable instrument in order to assess self-knowledge levels of individuals

Traditional herbal drugs against liver diseases – Experimented in vitro using HepG2 cells for induced steatosis

Salvia fruticosa leaves, Malva sylvestris flowers, Taraxacum officinale aerial parts, Plantago ovata seeds, Tanacetum parthenium aerial parts, and Allium sativum bulbs are documented for traditional use against hepatic disorders and different liver diseases. To evaluate herbal drug material for potential use against liver diseases, at molecular level for the efficacy linked to ethnobotanical documented data.Different herbal extracts were prepared and standardized by HPLC, according to European Pharmacopoeia. Initially 0.25 mg/mL each standardized extract was applied to oleic+palmitic acid induced fatty liver using a HepG2 cell culture model. ALT, AST, GSH, and MDA levels were comparatively analyzed, in addition to cell Nil Red staining. The highest activity for MDA reduction was observed for the A. sativum extract at 48.2% level, followed by 36.4% for M. sylvestris, and S. fruticosa extracts with 27.3% reduction, respectively. Glutathione levels increased to 59.1% when A. sativum extract was applied. M. sylvestris extract increased the glutathione levels in the medium by 49.7%; S. fruticosa extract decreased ALT levels by 53.5% and M. sylvestris extract by 38.5%, whereas the standard resveratrol reduced ALT level by 30.9%, respectively. The AST levels for M. sylvestris extract was 46.5%, compared to resveratrol by 93%. A. sativum, M. sylvestris, and S. fruticosa standard extracts showed relatively good correlation and activity where further in vivo studies should be performed