A study on the calculations of cross–sections for 66,67ga and 75se radionuclides production reactions via 3he particles

The intend of this paper is to study on different production routes of medical 66,67Ga and 75Se radionuclides used in cancer diagnostic. Both 66,67Ga and 75Se are the most well-known radionuclides used in diagnostics of malignant and benign tumors also brain studies and scintigraphy scanning. For this purpose, production cross–section calculations of medical 66,67Ga and 75Se radionuclides have been calculated for 64Zn(3He,p)66Ga, 65Cu(3He,2n)66Ga, 65Cu(3He,n)67Ga, 66Zn(3He,n+p)67Ga, 69Ga(3He,n+α)67Ga, 76Se(3He,α)75Se, 77Se(3He,n+α)75Se reactions. In the calculations, TALYS 1.8 and ALICE/ASH computer codes have been used. The models which have been employed within the calculations are Two Component Exciton and Equilibrium of TALYS 1.8 and Hybrid and Geometry Dependent Hybrid of ALICE/ASH. The results obtained from the calculations for each reaction have been compared with other calculation results and previously recorded experimental values collected from the Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data (EXFOR) library.No sponso

Diabetic Neuropathy and Treatment Strategy – New Challenges and Applications

Smart drug delivery systems are very popular drug delivery systems for treatment to common disease such as gene therapy, heart disease, cancer therapy, and neuropathy. Neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes that is associated with especially loss of peripheral nerve fibers. Hyperglycemia, insulin deficiency and dyslipidemia largely affect the development and progression of diabetic neuropathy. Several metabolic disruptions including altered protein kinase C, elevated polyol pathway activity, oxidative stress, the formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end products, and various pro-inflammatory changes directly affect neural tissue and cause neurodegenerative changes in diabetes. The therapeutic interventions of these metabolic pathways have a limited success to relieve the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy. This review emphasizes on the pathogenesis of neurovascular changes, presently available therapeutic approaches future directions for the management of diabetic neuropathy and related new drug delivery systems

Nurse Physician Relations: A Qualitative Case Study in the Emergency Department of a Hospital in Ankara, Turkey

In this qualitative study, physician-nurse relationships are examined under the light of existing literature by focusing on conflicts and their solutions at work. The main purpose of the study is to understand and interpret social relationships in one hospital organization in Turkey. According to focus group discussions, there are not only gender-based conflicts among physicians and nurses, but there are also conflicts due to the personal, professional, economic and gender-based inequalities of society. Therefore, psychological, cultural and structural factors play an important role, as do organizational and professional issues in the process of physician-nurse working relationships. Although in this study female physician-female nurse conflict challenged existing findings, nurses’ interventions with respect to physicians’ treatments and, thereby, ability to control power distribution, are also to be considered challenging findings

Comparison of immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions*

The objective of study was conducted on to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. 30 newborn Holstein Friesian calves (15 rose under organic and 15 under conventional conditions) in two dairy cattle farms. Blood samples were taken from 30 newborn calves at birth (before taking colostrum) and on 14th day to compare immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations in calves raised under organic and conventional conditions. Furthermore, blood and colostrum samples were also taken from the mothers included into the study. IgG and IgM concentrations in colostrum and blood serums were determined using commercial ELISA kits. IgG concentrations at birth (0.79±0.34, 1.64±0.95 mg/mL) and on the 14th day (46.5±21.5, 70.5±27.8 mg/mL) in calves raised under organic conditions were lower than those raised under conventional conditions (p0.05). No difference was found in the IgG and IgM concentrations of colostrum obtained from cows raised under organic and conventional conditions. In both the husbandry systems, positive and significant (p<0.01) correlations were found between the Ig concentrations of the mothers and offsprings. Consequently, it can be suggested that higher Ig concentrations in cattle raised under conventional conditions might be due to poorer environmental conditions

Effect of different segmentation methods using optical satellite imagery to estimate fuzzy clustering parameters for Sentinel-1A SAR images

Optical and SAR data are efficient data sources for shoreline monitoring. The processing of SAR data such as feature extraction is not an easy task since the images have totally different structure than optical imagery. Determination of threshold value is a challenging task for SAR data. In this study, SENTINEL-2A optical data was used as ancillary data to predict fuzzy membership parameters for segmentation of SENTINEL-1A SAR data to extract shoreline. SENTINEL-2A and SENTINEL-1A satellite images used were taken in September 9, 2016 and September 13, 2016 respectively. Three different segmentation algorithms which are selected from object, learning and pixel-based methods. They have been exploited to obtain land and water classes which have been used as an input data for parameter estimation. Thus, the performance of different segmentation algorithm has been investigated and analysed. In the first step of the study, Mean-Shift, Random Forest and Whale Optimization algorithms have been employed to obtain water and land classes from the SENTINEL-2A image. Water and land classes derived from each algorithm – are used as input data, and then the required parameters for the fuzzy clustering of SENTINEL-1A SAR image, were calculated. Lake Constance, Germany has been chosen as the study area. In this study, additionally an interface plugin has been developed and integrated into the open source Quantum GIS software platform. The developed interface allows non-experts to process and extract the shorelines without using any parameters. But, this system requires pre-segmented data as input. Thus, the batch process calculates the required parameters

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SEGMENTATION METHODS USING OPTICAL SATELLITE IMAGERY TO ESTIMATE FUZZY CLUSTERING PARAMETERS FOR SENTINEL-1A SAR IMAGES

Optical and SAR data are efficient data sources for shoreline monitoring. The processing of SAR data such as feature extraction is not an easy task since the images have totally different structure than optical imagery. Determination of threshold value is a challenging task for SAR data. In this study, SENTINEL-2A optical data was used as ancillary data to predict fuzzy membership parameters for segmentation of SENTINEL-1A SAR data to extract shoreline. SENTINEL-2A and SENTINEL-1A satellite images used were taken in September 9, 2016 and September 13, 2016 respectively. Three different segmentation algorithms which are selected from object, learning and pixel-based methods. They have been exploited to obtain land and water classes which have been used as an input data for parameter estimation. Thus, the performance of different segmentation algorithm has been investigated and analysed. In the first step of the study, Mean-Shift, Random Forest and Whale Optimization algorithms have been employed to obtain water and land classes from the SENTINEL-2A image. Water and land classes derived from each algorithm – are used as input data, and then the required parameters for the fuzzy clustering of SENTINEL-1A SAR image, were calculated. Lake Constance, Germany has been chosen as the study area. In this study, additionally an interface plugin has been developed and integrated into the open source Quantum GIS software platform. The developed interface allows non-experts to process and extract the shorelines without using any parameters. But, this system requires pre-segmented data as input. Thus, the batch process calculates the required parameters

Comparison of the real-life clinical outcomes of warfarin with effective time in therapeutic range and NOACs: Insight from AFTER-2 Trial

BACKGROUND: We aimed to compare the long-term follow-up results of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who use vitamin K antagonist (VKA) with effective time in therapeutic range (TTR) and non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). METHODS: A total of 1140 patients were followed at 35 different centers for five years. During the follow-up period, the INR values were studied at least 4 times a year and the TTR values were calculated according to the Roosendaal method. The effective TTR level was accepted as &gt;60% as recommended by the guidelines. There were 254 patients in the effective TTR group and 886 patients in the NOACs group. Ischemic cerebrovascular disease/ transient ischemic attack (CVD/TIA), hemorrhagic CVD, and mortality were considered primary endpoints based on one-year and five-year follow-ups. RESULTS: Ischemic CVD/TIA (3.9% vs. 6.2%; P = 0.17) and hemorrhagic CVD (0.4% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.69), the one-year mortality rate (7.1% vs. 8.1%; P = 0.59), five-year mortality rates (24% vs. 26.3%; P = 0.46) were not different between the effective TTR and NOACs groups during the follow-up respectively. The CHA2DS2-VASC score was similar between warfarin with the effective TTR group and NOACs group (3 [2–4] vs. 3 [2–4]; P = 0.17, respectively]. Additionally, survival free-time did not differ between the warfarin with effective TTR group and each NOAC in the Kaplan-Meier analysis (dabigatran, P = 0.59; rivaroxaban, P = 0.34; apixaban, P = 0.26; and edoxaban, P = 0.14). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in primary outcomes between the effective TTR and NOAC groups in AF patients

Efficacy of subsequent treatments in patients with hormone-positive advanced breast cancer who had disease progression under CDK 4/6 inhibitor therapy

Background: There is no standard treatment recommended at category 1 level in international guidelines for subsequent therapy after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6) based therapy. We aimed to evaluate which subsequent treatment oncologists prefer in patients with disease progression under CDKi. In addition, we aimed to show the effectiveness of systemic treatments after CDKi and whether there is a survival difference between hormonal treatments (monotherapy vs. mTOR-based). Methods: A total of 609 patients from 53 centers were included in the study. Progression-free-survivals (PFS) of subsequent treatments (chemotherapy (CT, n:434) or endocrine therapy (ET, n:175)) after CDKi were calculated. Patients were evaluated in three groups as those who received CDKi in first-line (group A, n:202), second-line (group B, n: 153) and ≥ 3rd-line (group C, n: 254). PFS was compared according to the use of ET and CT. In addition, ET was compared as monotherapy versus everolimus-based combination therapy. Results: The median duration of CDKi in the ET arms of Group A, B, and C was 17.0, 11.0, and 8.5 months in respectively; it was 9.0, 7.0, and 5.0 months in the CT arm. Median PFS after CDKi was 9.5 (5.0–14.0) months in the ET arm of group A, and 5.3 (3.9–6.8) months in the CT arm (p = 0.073). It was 6.7 (5.8–7.7) months in the ET arm of group B, and 5.7 (4.6–6.7) months in the CT arm (p = 0.311). It was 5.3 (2.5–8.0) months in the ET arm of group C and 4.0 (3.5–4.6) months in the CT arm (p = 0.434). Patients who received ET after CDKi were compared as those who received everolimus-based combination therapy versus those who received monotherapy ET: the median PFS in group A, B, and C was 11.0 vs. 5.9 (p = 0.047), 6.7 vs. 5.0 (p = 0.164), 6.7 vs. 3.9 (p = 0.763) months. Conclusion: Physicians preferred CT rather than ET in patients with early progression under CDKi. It has been shown that subsequent ET after CDKi can be as effective as CT. It was also observed that better PFS could be achieved with the subsequent everolimus-based treatments after first-line CDKi compared to monotherapy ET.Breast Cancer Consortiu