Bacterial risks and determination of critical control points at the industrial production of chicken edible egg

The aim: study the bacterial risks and to determine the control critical points at the industrial production of chicken edible egg. Materials and methods. The first stage of our research was to study the degree of risk of contamination by opportunistic and pathogenic microflora at all stages of production of chicken edible eggs according to ISO 22000:2007. In order to achieve the goal, bacteriological research was conducted on pathological material from day-old chickens and adult birds, the content of marketable eggs from birds of different age groups; as well as washed from the equipment of poultry farms, the repair young poultry department, the industrial herd department, egg sorting and certification workshops, from the surface of the egg, from the working surfaces of special vehicles. Bacterial contamination of air, droppings, bedding, complete feed was studied. Bacteriological studies were carried out according to generally accepted schemes, using accumulative, selective and differential diagnostic media (heptadecyl sulfate agar, endo, xylose-lysine agar, differentiated agar with diamond green, Muller-Hinton). The sampling was carried out using universal sterile applicators "Voles". The next stage was to analyze the results of bacteriological studies and determine the basic list of criteria for creating critical control points (CCPs) for the further development of a risk management scheme for the bacterial biosafety of edible eggs according to HACCP principles. Results. Isolation of S. aureus from the heart and lungs, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp - from the intestines of day-old chickens and litter - indicate violations of veterinary and sanitary standards in the hatchery and the low quality of disinfection before the placement of day-old young birds, as well as non-observance of veterinary and sanitary norms for the transportation regime of day-old young birds. Isolation of E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Klebsiella spp.Str. zymogenes from compound feed, and E. coli, Enterobacter spp, Shigella spp. in washings from the equipment of the feed mill is evidence of insufficient veterinary and sanitary control of incoming raw materials, compound feed, as well as poorly carried out disinfection of equipment and specialized vehicles.When examining objects from the production line, E. coli, Enterobacter spp., P. aeruginosa, and S. epiderrmidis were most often isolated. From the pathological material during the bacteriological examination, microflora of the genus E. coli, Streptococcus spp., S. aureus (most often pathogenic serotypes) prevailed. As a result of the analysis of the conducted studies, we determined a basic list of criteria for creating a CCP and developing a risk management scheme for the bacterial biosafety of edible eggs according to the principles of HACCP. Conclusions. As a result of the bacteriological monitoring of objects of the technological cycle of chicken edible egg production, we established a list of bacteriological risks at all stages of production. As a result of the conducted research, it was determined, that the spectrum of bacterial contamination was mainly represented by opportunistic microflora. In the majority, the following types of microorganisms were detected: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp, Enterococcus spp. But C. jejuni, Streptococcus spp., S. aureus. Salmonella spp, which are the most dangerous for the consumer and poultry, were not isolated. We studied the bacterial risks at all the main stages of the industrial production of chicken edible eggs and identified the main critical control points of production according to the principles of the HACCP syste

The investigation of antimicrobial activity of some s-substituted bis-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones

New S-substituted 4-alkyl-5-((3-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives have been designed, synthesized and studied their antimicrobial activity on 11 standard Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganism strains. Their spectral and physicochemical parameters were established using modern comprehensive methods of analysis, including 1H NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS and elemental analysis.It has been found that compound 2a exhibits strong suppression of 5 test strains (MBC = 15.6 µg/mL). Compound 4a showed moderate inhibition of Salmonella pullorum, Escherichia coli O2, Salmonella enteritidis strains (MBC = 31.25 µg/mL) Compound 6a was sensitive toward ten tested bacteria at 31.25 µg/mL concentration

Modeling of a single-layer grain moving on inclined circumferential surface

UK: На основі методу дискретних елементів досліджується рух частинок зернового матеріалу по похилій круговій поверхні, що здійснює кругові горизонтальні коливання з визначенням якісних показників розподілу частинок по поверхні. RU: На основе метода дискретных элементов исследуется движение частиц зернового материала по наклонной круговой поверхности, совершающей круговые горизонтальные колебания с определением качественных показателей распределения частиц по поверхности. EN: Based on the discrete element method, the motion of grain material particles on the inclined circular surface with definition of quality indicators of particles distribution on the surface are studied

Density distribution model of grain materials in a single-layer flow

RU: Представлена математическая модель динамичности структуры и распределения плотности зерновых материалов при однослойной подаче. UK: Представлено математичну модель динамічності структури і розподілу щільності зернових матеріалів при одношаровій подачі. EN: A mathematical model of the dynamic structure and density оf granular materials distribution in a single-layer flow is presented