Seizures in Adult with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 3000–4000 people. Seizures occur 4–7% of individuals with NF1, mostly due to associated brain tumors or cortical malformations. Seizures in NF1 are often relatively easy to control with one or more conventional antiseizure drugs; surgical resection of offending lesions is sometimes pursued. Surgery has been most successful for temporal lobe gliomas. However, if you faced the drug-resistant epilepsy you may consider the cortical malformations, tumors and hippocampal sclerosis. In this chapter, it is aimed to explain the types of seizures, EEG features and the properties of drug therapy in NF1

EEG Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that accounts for nearly 70% of the more than 50 million dementia cases estimated worldwide. There is no cure for AD. Currently, AD diagnosis is carried out using neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging scans, and laboratory tests. In the early stages of AD, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings may be normal, but in late periods, diffuse cortical atrophy can be detected more prominently in the temporal and frontal regions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that records the electrical signals of the brain by using electrodes that directly reflects cortical neuronal functioning. In addition, EEG is noninvasive and widely available at low cost, has high resolution, and provides access to neuronal signals, unlike functional MR or PET which indirectly detects metabolic signals. Accurate, specific, and cost-effective biomarkers are needed to track the early diagnosis, progression, and treatment response of AD. The findings of EEG in AD are now identified as biomarkers. In this chapter, we reviewed studies that used EEG or event-related potential (ERP) indices as a biomarker of AD

Treatment of a Tardive Dyskinesia Patient with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Case Report

This case report presents a patient with tardive dyskinesia who also suffered from masticatory muscle pain and temporomandibular joint osteoarthrosis. The patient was treated with clozapine in gradually increasing doses and two injections of botulinum toxin type A one year apart. Involuntary movements of mandibular clenching and bruxing disappeared and pain was relieved to a great extent. Reappearances of dyskinetic movements and pain were observed during the follow-up period of 1.5 years. J OROFAC PAIN 2010;24:212-21

Effects of Lacosamide in Cerebral Tuberculoma-Induced Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus: Case Report

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is characterized by unexplained changes in behavior and mental status accompanied with continuous seizure activity seen on electroencephalography (EEG). Treatment is similar to treatment of status epilepticus. Lacosamide is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that slow inactivation of voltage-dependent sodium channels. It has high oral bioavailability, is low protein binding and is primarily metabolized by the liver enzyme CYP2C19. Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculosis may present with signs of parenchymal lesions instead of meningitis. Presently described is a patient who was diagnosed as CNS tuberculosis a year ago with nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Status could be not be controlled with levetiracetam; however, use of lacosamide successfully resolved nonconvulsive status epilepticus

Clinical Experience with Adjunctive Lacosamide in Adult Patients with Focal Seizures

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report first clinical experience in Turkey using lacosamide (LCM) as adjunctive therapy in patients with focal onset seizure

The Association Between Epilepsy and Autoimmune Diseases

Objectives:Systemic autoimmune diseases are known to affect the central nervous system not rarely . Many studies have investigated the association between epilepsy and autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between the gender/ age and seizures of patients with epilepsy with concomitant autoimmune diseases and to determine the seizure types of these patients and to evaluate the EEG results and their response to antiepileptic drugs. Patient files were retrospectively reviewed to identify those with autoimmune diseases.Methods:A total of 2000 patient files with epilepsy who were admitted to the Eskişehir Osmangazi University Medical Faculty Hospital Neurology Department, Clinicial Neurophysiology Division, between 2007 and 2019 were examined and the patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases were documented.Results:Thirty-six (1.8%) of the 2000 patients with epilepsy had autoimmune disorders, of which 10 (0.5%) had concomitant Hashimoto Thyroiditis, 1 (0.05%) had Celiac disease, 1 (0.05%) had Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis, 8 (0.4%) had Multiple Sclerosis (MS), 1 (0.05%) had Scleroderma, 4 (0.2%) had Behçet’s disease, 1 (0.05%) had Sjogren syndrome, 8 had (0.4%) both SLE and APS , and 2 (0.1%) had Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1 DM).Conclusion:Female sex and focal seizures were seen mostly in patients with epilepsy with concomitant multiple sclerosis. Patients with concomitant SLE+APS were also predominantly females, with the majority having Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures and a more successful response to treatment. These results corroborate with previous studies