TVET as the last educational chance : employability and family background of Ethiopian urban youth

This paper analyzes the effect of TVET schooling of Ethiopian urban youth on their employability using the Urban Employment and Unemployment Survey (UEUS). In estimating the personal returns of TVET experience, we put special focus on family background of workers, with the hypothesis that family characteristics strongly influence on the employability of workers. We find general positive effects of TVET on employability in benchmark regressions as well as sample selection model. However once we controlled endogeneity of TVET choice and family background, the TVET positive effect disappeared. The results suggest the possibility that public vocational school is viewed and chosen as a last resort of education or alternative to general education, especially for those who were denied to proceed to further education, failed to enter upper secondary schools, and females, but only if they are financially fit

Fighting viral infections and virus-driven tumors with cytotoxic CD4+ T cells

CD4+ T cells have been and are still largely regarded as the orchestrators of immune responses, being able to differentiate into distinct T helper cell populations based on differentiation signals, transcription factor expression, cytokine secretion, and specific functions. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence indicates that CD4+ T cells can also exert a direct effector activity, which depends on intrinsic cytotoxic properties acquired and carried out along with the evolution of several pathogenic infections. The relevant role of CD4+ T cell lytic features in the control of such infectious conditions also leads to their exploitation as a new immunotherapeutic approach. This review aims at summarizing currently available data about functional and therapeutic relevance of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in the context of viral infections and virus-driven tumors

The effect of crude oil price change and volatility on Nigerian economy

This study analyses the effects of changes in the international oil price and price volatility on the macro-economy of an African oil exporter, Nigeria. Applying the five-variable Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model to monthly data series from January 1970 to May 2011, impulse response functions are calculated to see the influences among the crude oil price, Nigeria’s exchange rate, money supply (M2), domestic price levels (CPI) and the policy interest rate (Discount Rate). The estimation results suggest that Nigeria’s exchange rate is affected not only by the changes in the international oil price but also by its price volatility. M2 increases as a response to an oil price increase, which suggests that as the international oil price rises there is a huge increase in the money supply into the domestic market from the national oil company and international oil companies, which are the largest suppliers of dollars next to the monetary authority itself

Capital Flight and Transfer from Resource-Rich Developing Countries

This paper analyzes the influence of international resource price movements on capital outflows from resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs) by distinguishing capital flight and capital transfers. The volume of capital flight and transfers are calculated and their determinants are analyzed using macro-panel data constituting 21 resource-rich developing countries from 1990 to 2011. Through the regression analysis, the linkage between capital flight and resource revenue as well as that between capital flight and debt is suggested. The results of this analysis suggest the need to focus on capital outflow from RRDCs through transnational companies

The effect of crude oil price change and volatility on Nigerian economy

This study analyses the effects of changes in the international oil price and price volatility on the macro-economy of an African oil exporter, Nigeria. Applying the five-variable Structural Vector Auto Regression (SVAR) model to monthly data series from January 1970 to May 2011, impulse response functions are calculated to see the influences among the crude oil price, Nigeria’s exchange rate, money supply (M2), domestic price levels (CPI) and the policy interest rate (Discount Rate). The estimation results suggest that Nigeria’s exchange rate is affected not only by the changes in the international oil price but also by its price volatility. M2 increases as a response to an oil price increase, which suggests that as the international oil price rises there is a huge increase in the money supply into the domestic market from the national oil company and international oil companies, which are the largest suppliers of dollars next to the monetary authority itself

The Youth Training System for Basketball in the Republic of Serbia: A Comparison with a Junior and Senior High School Basketball Club in Japan

Although The Republic of Serbia (hereinafter, Serbia) has notable success in basketball on the world stage, there are no reports on the development system of basketball clubs, their current situation, or the national development system. This study has been conducted to clarify the details of the Serbian basketball competition, management, and training system for each age group with field surveys of several Serbian clubs and interviews with the Basketball Federation of Serbia and others. These details are compared with a school sports club in Japan. 　 In Serbia, OKK Beograd and Beovuk 72 were surveyed. A field survey was conducted in two stages from February 6―20, 2015, and February 24-March 1, 2017, to observe and gather information related to official games and team practices in different categories of basketball clubs and the basketball sections of sports clubs in Serbia. Interviews were conducted with the general managers of these clubs, coordinators, coaches, trainers, executives of the federation and others. 　 Depending on the number of players in the season, if there are enough players, two teams will be formed, a first and a second in U―18 to U―12 team at OKK Beograd. Children under 13 practice a style that blends the team format with school basketball. Beovuk 72 is unique in that it has two senior teams, a first and a second. There is a team called “Young team” in the club. The youth are organized into U―18, U―16, U―14, and U―12 teams in the club. Children aged 6―10 practice in a basketball school style. Practice days per week and number of games in season of each team at the club is clarified. Interviews with executives of the federation reveal category of youth players, competition system, average age of beginning the sport, Practice days per week, practice duration and number of games on average in Serbia.departmental bulletin pape

Capital Flight and Transfer from Resource-Rich Developing Countries

This paper analyzes the influence of international resource price movements on capital outflows from resource-rich developing countries (RRDCs) by distinguishing capital flight and capital transfers. The volume of capital flight and transfers are calculated and their determinants are analyzed using macro-panel data constituting 21 resource-rich developing countries from 1990 to 2011. Through the regression analysis, the linkage between capital flight and resource revenue as well as that between capital flight and debt is suggested. The results of this analysis suggest the need to focus on capital outflow from RRDCs through transnational companies