Evaluation conjointe de la WAIS-IV et de la MEM-IV

L'intelligence et la mémoire, composantes essentielles du fonctionnement cognitif, sont régulièrement évaluées lors d'un bilan psychologique. Chez l'adulte, l'intelligence s'évalue avec la WAIS-IV et la mémoire avec la MEM-IV. Dans notre étude, nous avons évalué conjointement ces batteries en administrant leurs sous-tests principaux à 66 personnes âgées de 18 à 50 ans. Comme ces échelles s'interprètent selon des indices distincts, nous proposons d'utiliser le modèle CHC comme grille de lecture commune. Nos hypothèses portent sur les regroupements des sous-tests au sein de 6 aptitudes CHC. L'objectif est de vérifier si les sous-tests regroupés au sein d'un même facteur CHC évaluent bien une aptitude commune..

Structure de la motivation en contexte académique dans une perspective multidimensionnelle et hiérarchique, ses antécédents et ses conséquences

Cette thèse a comme ambition d'étudier la motivation autodéterminée académique en considérant les différents types de motivations décrites par la théorie de l'autodétermination, différents niveaux hiérarchiques et différentes disciplines scolaires simultanément. Récemment, Chanal et Guay (2015) ont développé l'hypothèse de spécificité, qui stipule que les motivations autonomes sont plus spécifiques aux matières scolaires dans lesquelles elles sont mesurées que les motivations contrôlées. Le but de cette thèse est de répliquer, généraliser et évaluer les implications de cette hypothèse. Pour cela, quatre études ont été menées auprès d'élèves du cycle d'orientation et d'étudiants universitaires. L'ensemble des résultats ont permis de valider l'hypothèse de spécificité en montrant que les motivations autonomes étaient bien plus spécifiques que les motivations contrôlées. Alors que Chanal et Guay (2015) avaient conclu que les motivations contrôlées étaient moins spécifiques car elles étaient plus contextuelles, nos résultats ont montré qu'elles n'étaient pas plus contextuelles mais qu'elles étaient plus reliées aux facteurs relatifs à l'item. Nos résultats ont également montré qu'au niveau situationnel, les motivations autonomes, étant plus spécifiques, étaient plus reliées à leurs antécédents (i.e., concept de soi) et conséquences (i.e., réussite, émotions académiques) que les motivations contrôlées. De plus, nous avons pu mettre en évidence que la différence de spécificité entre les motivations autonomes et contrôlées avait un impact sur le rôle médiateur de la motivation sur les liens unissant le concept de soi à la réussite scolaire. En effet, il apparait qu'au niveau situationnel les motivations autonomes jouaient plus ce rôle médiateur que les motivations contrôlées. Finalement, nos résultats ont indiqué que les modèles de types CTCM-1, par rapport aux modèles classiques en CFA étaient ceux qui s'ajustaient le mieux aux données et étaient les plus adéquats pour rendre compte de la nature hiérarchique et multidimensionnelle de la motivation autodéterminée. Nous avons également montré que la modélisation de la motivation impactait les liens l'unissant à ses antécédents et conséquences. </p

The school-subject-specificity hypothesis: Implication in the relationship with grades.

The aim of the present study was to examine the implication of the differences in autonomous and controlled motivation specificity in their relationships with student's grades. The school-subject-specificity hypothesis postulates that the more autonomous the regulation is, the more specific to a school subject it is. 579 junior high school children were asked to complete a questionnaire assessing their motivation at the academic level as well as at the situational level (i.e., French, mathematics, English, and physical education), both simultaneously. As expected, results from structural equation modeling revealed that autonomous motivation was more specific to the situational level than controlled motivation. Moreover, results showed that the more specific the regulations are, the more relationships with students' grades can be found. Therefore, this study offers a new understanding of previous results between autonomous and controlled regulations with grades and of the relationships between academic self-concepts, academic achievement and motivation

Developmental relations between motivation types and physical activity in elementary school children

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to observe the developmental trajectories of motivation types among young children from 8 to 12 years using a more comprehensive scale of physical education motivation. We also tested the relations between these trajectories and objective physical activity during this period. Design: Students in grades 5–7 (n=1202; 51.2% boys) were recruited from 17 elementary schools. Three cohorts completed the motivation questionnaire four times and objective physical activity was measured up to four times over a two years school period. Method: Measurement invariance of the scale was tested across cohorts and occasions. Multiple group multiple cohort growth models were estimated to determine motivation types trajectories. Regression models were then built to predict children's slope of MVPA during this period. Results: We provided strong measurement invariance to a new and more comprehensive scale of PE motivation. Latent growth curve modeling indicated trajectories that decrease on average for all forms of motivations at this early age. Results also revealed some relations between motivation's scores and objective physical activity trajectories, especially with autonomous motivation. Conclusions: Our study revealed the earliest decline of motivation towards physical education to have ever been highlighted in elementary school children. Relations between trajectory of intrinsic stimulation and PA behavior permitted us to highlight the possible role of autonomous motivation in minimizing the decline of children's PA behavior during PE lesson

Complete Genome Sequences of Septoria linicola: A Resource for Studying a Damaging Flax Pathogen

Fungal genus Septoria causes diseases in a wide range of plants. Here, we report the first genome sequences of two strains of Septoria linicola, the causal agent of the pasmo disease of flax (Linum usitatissimum). The genome of the first strain, SE15195, was fully assembled in 16 chromosomes, while 35 unitigs were obtained for a second strain, SE14017. Structural annotations predicted 13,096 and 13,085 protein-encoding genes and transposable elements content of 19.0 and 18.1% of the genome for SE15195 and SE14017, respectively. The four smaller chromosomes 13 to 16 show genomics features of potential accessory chromosomes. The assembly of these two genomes is a new resource for studying S. linicola and improving management of pasmo. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license

Proamyloidogenic effects of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase involve MMP-2 and BACE-1 activities, and the modulation of APP trafficking

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MT5-MMP promotes neuroinflammation, neuronal excitability and Aβ production in primary neuron/astrocyte cultures from the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

International audienceBackground: Membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase 5 (MT5-MMP) deficiency in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) reduces brain neuroinflammation and amyloidosis, and prevents deficits in synaptic activity and cognition in prodromal stages of the disease. In addition, MT5-MMP deficiency prevents interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β)mediated inflammation in the peripheral nervous system. In this context, we hypothesized that the MT5-MMP/IL-1β tandem could regulate nascent AD pathogenic events in developing neural cells shortly after the onset of transgene activation. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we used 11-14 day in vitro primary cortical cultures from wild type, MT5-MMP −/− , 5xFAD and 5xFAD/MT5-MMP −/− mice, and evaluated the impact of MT5-MMP deficiency and IL-1β treatment for 24 h, by performing whole cell patch-clamp recordings, RT-qPCR, western blot, gel zymography, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated transduction. Results: 5xFAD cells showed higher levels of MT5-MMP than wild type, concomitant with higher basal levels of inflammatory mediators. Moreover, MT5-MMP-deficient cultures had strong decrease of the inflammatory response to IL-1β, as well as decreased stability of recombinant IL-1β. The levels of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) were similar in 5xFAD and wild-type cultures, and IL-1β treatment did not affect Aβ levels. Instead, the absence of MT5-MMP significantly reduced Aβ by more than 40% while sparing APP metabolism, suggesting altogether no functional crosstalk between IL-1β and APP/Aβ, as well as independent control of their levels by MT5-MMP. The lack of MT5-MMP strongly downregulated the AAV-induced neuronal accumulation of the C-terminal APP fragment, C99, and subsequently that of Aβ. Finally, MT5-MMP deficiency prevented basal hyperexcitability observed in 5xFAD neurons, but not hyperexcitability induced by IL-1β treatment

MT5-MMP at the crossroads of neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis: study in murine and human neural cells

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MT5-MMP controls APP and β-CTF/C99 metabolism through proteolytic-dependent and -independent mechanisms relevant for Alzheimer’s disease

We previously discovered the implication of membrane-type 5-matrix metalloproteinase (MT5-MMP) in Alzheimer’s disease AD pathogenesis. Here we shed new light on pathogenic mechanisms by which MT5-MMP controls APP processing and the fate of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ), its precursor C99 and C83. We found in HEK carrying the APP Swedish familial mutation (HEKswe) that MT5-MMP-mediated processing of APP that releases the soluble 95 kDa form (sAPP95), was hampered by the removal of the C-terminal non-catalytic domains of MT5-MMP. Catalytically inactive MT5-MMP variants increased the levels of Aβ and promoted APP/C99 sorting in the endo-lysosomal system. We found interaction of C99 with the C-terminal portion of MT5-MMP, the deletion of which caused a strong degradation of C99 by the proteasome, preventing Aβ accumulation. These findings reveal novel mechanisms for MT5-MMP control of APP metabolism and C99 fate involving proteolytic and non-proteolytic actions mainly mediated by the C-terminal part of the proteinase

MT5-MMP is a modulator of inflammation: a study in murine and human neural cells related to Alzheimer’s disease

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