FBSDEs with time delayed generators:L-P-solutions, differentiability, representation formulas and path regularity

AbstractWe extend the work of Delong and Imkeller (2010) [6,7] concerning backward stochastic differential equations with time delayed generators (delay BSDEs). We give moment and a priori estimates in general Lp-spaces and provide sufficient conditions for the solution of a delay BSDE to exist in Lp. We introduce decoupled systems of SDEs and delay BSDEs (delay FBSDEs) and give sufficient conditions for their variational differentiability. We connect these variational derivatives to the Malliavin derivatives of delay FBSDEs via the usual representation formulas. We conclude with several path regularity results, in particular we extend the classic L2-path regularity to delay FBSDEs

Clinical Applications of PD-L1 Bioassays for Cancer Immunotherapy

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a biomarker that can help to predict responses to immunotherapies targeted against PD-L1 and its receptor (PD-1). Companion tests for evaluating PD-L1 expression as a biomarker of response have been developed for many cancer immunotherapy agents. These assays use a variety of detection platforms at different levels (protein, mRNA), employ diverse biopsy and surgical samples, and have disparate positivity cutoff points and scoring systems, all of which complicate the standardization of clinical decision-making. This review summarizes the current understanding and ongoing investigations regarding PD-L1 expression as a potential biomarker for clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy

A new model for calculating time-varying gearmesh stiffness

Time-varying gearmesh stiffness (TVGS) is the main cause of gear vibration, and its accuracy affects the responses of dynamic models. An exponential curve model based on the Saint Venant’s Principle is proposed to calculate the gearmesh stiffness of cracked spur gears in this paper. With the proposed model, the TVGS under the circumstances of healthy condition and four crack cases are computed, whose results have a good agreement with those of finite element method (FEM). Therefore, the exponential curve model can be used to estimate the TVGS and an alternative to FEM in gearmesh stiffness calculation is provided

Three dimensional spider-web-like superconducting filamentary paths in KxFe2−ySe2K_xFe_{2-y}Se_2 single crystals

Since the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in F-doped LaFeAsO, many new iron based superconductors with different structures have been fabricated2. The observation of superconductivity at about 32 K in KxFe2-ySe2 with the iso-structure of the FeAs-based 122 superconductors was a surprise and immediately stimulated the interests because the band structure calculation8 predicted the absence of the hole pocket which was supposed to be necessary for the theoretical picture of S+- pairing. Soon later, it was found that the material may separate into the insulating antiferromagnetic K2Fe4Se5 phase and the superconducting phase. It remains unresolved that how these two phases coexist and what is the parent phase for superconductivity. In this study we use different quenching processes to produce the target samples with distinct microstructures, and apply multiple measuring techniques to reveal a close relationship between the microstructures and the global appearance of superconductivity. In addition, we clearly illustrate three dimensional spider-web-like superconducting filamentary paths, and for the first time propose that the superconducting phase may originate from a state with one vacancy in every eight Fe-sites with the root8*root10 parallelogram structure.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure