Some inequalities for kk-colored partition functions

Motivated by a partition inequality of Bessenrodt and Ono, we obtain analogous inequalities for $k$-colored partition functions $p_{-k}(n)$ for all $k\geq2$. This enables us to extend the $k$-colored partition function multiplicatively to a function on $k$-colored partitions, and characterize when it has a unique maximum. We conclude with one conjectural inequality that strengthens our results.Comment: 11 pages, 1 tabl

Thermosensing Enlightened

Understanding the molecular networks driving plant responses to high ambient temperatures is crucial for developing crop cultivars resistant to global warming. Although several factors involved in temperature signalling are known, a thermosensing mechanism had remained elusive. However, two recent publications demonstrate that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) also acts as a thermosensor

Thermosensing Enlightened

Understanding the molecular networks driving plant responses to high ambient temperatures is crucial for developing crop cultivars resistant to global warming. Although several factors involved in temperature signalling are known, a thermosensing mechanism had remained elusive. However, two recent publications demonstrate that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) also acts as a thermosensor

Additional Information and Dataset S1 for Ludwig, W. et al. 2021. On the evolution of plant thermomorphogenesis. JXB.

The PDF file "Ludwig_et_al_2021_JXB_Additional_Information.pdf" contains an Extended Figure 4, further information with regard to the search for homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana thermomorphogenesis signalling genes in 15 plant species as well as a list of references cited in the method description and the table Dataset_S1_Info.xlsx. The chosen plant species are: Selaginella moellendorfii, Physcomitrium patens, Marchantia polymorpha, Mougeotia sp., Spirogyra sp., Netrium digitus, Penium margaritaceum, Mesotaenium endlicherianum, Spirogloea muscicola, Coleochaete irregularis, Chara braunii, Klebsormidium nitens, Chlorokybus atmophyticus, Mesostigma viride and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Dataset_S1 provides the protein sequences assessed as homologous to the analyzed A. thaliana proteins in FASTA format and MUSCLE 3.8. multiple protein sequence alignments in CLUSTAL format together with Table Dataset_S1_Info.xlsx containing the respective sequence IDs and database information

A mobile auxin signal connects temperature sensing in cotyledons with growth responses in hypocotyls

Plants have a remarkable capacity to adjust their growth and development to elevated ambient temperatures. Increased elongation growth of roots, hypocotyls and petioles in warm temperatures are hallmarks of seedling thermomorphogenesis. In the last decade, significant progress has been made to identify the molecular signaling components regulating these growth responses. Increased ambient temperature utilizes diverse components of the light sensing and signal transduction network to trigger growth adjustments. However, it remains unknown whether temperature sensing and responses are universal processes that occur uniformly in all plant organs. Alternatively, temperature sensing may be confined to specific tissues or organs, which would require a systemic signal that mediates responses in distal parts of the plant. Here we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings show organ-specific transcriptome responses to elevated temperatures, and that thermomorphogenesis involves both autonomous and organ-interdependent temperature sensing and signaling. Seedling roots can sense and respond to temperature in a shoot-independent manner, whereas shoot temperature responses require both local and systemic processes. The induction of cell elongation in hypocotyls requires temperature sensing in cotyledons, followed by generation of a mobile auxin signal. Subsequently, auxin travels to the hypocotyl where it triggers local brassinosteroid-induced cell elongation in seedling stems, which depends upon a distinct, permissive temperature sensor in the hypocotyl

Ambient temperature and genotype differentially affect developmental and phenotypic plasticity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Abstract Background Global increase in ambient temperatures constitute a significant challenge to wild and cultivated plant species. Forward genetic analyses of individual temperature-responsive traits have resulted in the identification of several signaling and response components. However, a comprehensive knowledge about temperature sensitivity of different developmental stages and the contribution of natural variation is still scarce and fragmented at best. Results Here, we systematically analyze thermomorphogenesis throughout a complete life cycle in ten natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions grown under long day conditions in four different temperatures ranging from 16 to 28 °C. We used Q10, GxE, phenotypic divergence and correlation analyses to assess temperature sensitivity and genotype effects of more than 30 morphometric and developmental traits representing five phenotype classes. We found that genotype and temperature differentially affected plant growth and development with variing strengths. Furthermore, overall correlations among phenotypic temperature responses was relatively low which seems to be caused by differential capacities for temperature adaptations of individual accessions. Conclusion Genotype-specific temperature responses may be attractive targets for future forward genetic approaches and accession-specific thermomorphogenesis maps may aid the assessment of functional relevance of known and novel regulatory components

Natural Variation of Transcriptional Auxin Response Networks in Arabidopsis thaliana[C][W][OA]

In this study, physiological, comparative transcriptomic, and network analysis approaches identify extensive natural variation of auxin responses among A. thaliana accessions. Expression level variation in auxin signaling genes is hypothesized to contribute to downstream variation in large auxin-regulated gene clusters