21 research outputs found
On the Terminal Location Uncertainty in Elliptical Footprints: Application in Air-to-Ground Links
Wireless transmitters (Txs) radiating directionally downwards often generate
circular footprints on the ground. In certain scenarios, using elliptical cells
can offer increased flexibility for providing user coverage, owing to the
unique network characteristics. For instance, an elliptical footprint can be
produced when a practical directional antenna with unequal azimuth and
elevation half-power beamwidths is used in high-speed railway networks. Another
common scenario involves the production of an elliptical footprint when an
airborne Tx radiates at an angle by tilting its directional antenna by a few
degrees. This paper aims to investigate, for the first time, the association
between the random user location within an elliptical coverage area and the
performance of a wireless communication link by considering these scenarios. We
assume an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) as a Tx, although a tall cellular base
station tower could also be employed without losing generality. To better
understand the impact of random location, we derive relevant distance metrics
and investigate the outage probability of the link for the two scenarios,
taking both random terminal location and fading impairments into account. The
findings may provide valuable insights into the performance of similar wireless
systems.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
Classical multivariate Hermite coordinate interpolation on n-dimensional grids
In this work, we study the Hermite interpolation on n-dimensional non-equally
spaced, rectilinear grids over a field k of characteristic zero, given the
values of the function at each point of the grid and the partial derivatives up
to a maximum degree. First, we prove the uniqueness of the interpolating
polynomial, and we further obtain a compact closed form that uses a single
summation, irrespective of the dimensionality, which is algebraically simpler
than the only alternative closed form for the n-dimensional classical Hermite
interpolation [1]. We provide the remainder of the interpolation in integral
form; moreover, we derive the ideal of the interpolation and express the
interpolation remainder using only polynomial divisions, in the case of
interpolating a polynomial function. Finally, we perform illustrative numerical
examples to showcase the applicability and high accuracy of the proposed
interpolant, in the simple case of few points, as well as hundreds of points on
3D-grids using a spline-like interpolation, which compares favorably to
state-of-the-art spline interpolation methods
Degenerate solutions to the massless Dirac and Weyl equations and a proposed method for controlling the quantum state of Weyl particles
In a recent work we have shown that all solutions to the Weyl equation and a
special class of solutions to the Dirac equation are degenerate, in the sense
that they remain unaltered under the influence of a wide variety of different
electromagnetic fields. In the present article our previous work is
significantly extended, providing a wide class of degenerate solutions to the
Dirac equation for massless particles. The electromagnetic fields corresponding
to these solutions are calculated, giving also some examples regarding both
spatially constant electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves. Further,
some general forms of solutions to the Weyl equation are presented and the
corresponding electromagnetic fields are calculated. Based on these results, a
method for fully controlling the quantum state of Weyl particles through
appropriate electromagnetic fields is proposed. Finally, the transition from
degenerate to non-degenerate solutions as the particles acquire mass is
discussed.Comment: Keywords: Dirac equation, Weyl equation, Degenerate solutions,
Massless particles, Electromagnetic 4-potentials, Electromagnetic fields,
Electromagnetic waves, Nearly degenerate solution
A general method for obtaining degenerate solutions to the Dirac and Weyl equations and a discussion on the experimental detection of degenerate states
In this work we describe a general method for obtaining degenerate solutions
to the Dirac equation, corresponding to an infinite number of electromagnetic
4-potentials and fields, which are explicitly calculated. In more detail, using
four arbitrary real functions, one can automatically construct a spinor which
is solution to the Dirac equation for an infinite number of electromagnetic
4-potentials, defined by those functions. An interesting characteristic of
these solutions is that, in the case of Dirac particles with non-zero mass, the
degenerate spinors should be localized, both in space and time. Our method is
also extended to the cases of massless Dirac and Weyl particles, where the
localization of the spinors is no longer required. Finally, we propose two
experimental methods for detecting the presence of degenerate states.Comment: In this version of the article we have added a discussion on the
experimental detection of degenerate states, proposing two techniques based
on electrical and optical measurement
A novel device for controlling the flow of information based on Weyl fermions and a method for manipulating the spatial distribution of Weyl particles
In this work we propose a novel device for controlling the flow of
information using Weyl fermions. In more detail, based on a previous work of
our group, we show that it is possible to fully control the flow of Weyl
fermions on a sequence of different channels, by applying an electric field
perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particles on each channel. In
this way, we can transmit information, logical bits, depending on the existence
or not of a Weyl current on each channel. We also show that the response time
of this device is exceptionally low, less than 1 ps, for typical values of the
parameters, providing the opportunity to control the flow of information at
extremely high rates, of the order of 100 Pbps. This device also offers
additional advantages, as low power consumption and robustness against
electromagnetic perturbations, and is expected to find important applications
in several fields, as telecommunications, signal processing, classical and
quantum computing, etc. Finally, we demonstrate that Weyl fermions can be
efficiently guided through the proposed device using appropriate magnetic
fields
Roadmap on signal processing for next generation measurement systems
Signal processing is a fundamental component of almost any sensor-enabled system, with a wide range of applications across different scientific disciplines. Time series data, images, and video sequences comprise representative forms of signals that can be enhanced and analysed for information extraction and quantification. The recent advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning are shifting the research attention towards intelligent, data-driven, signal processing. This roadmap presents a critical overview of the state-of-the-art methods and applications aiming to highlight future challenges and research opportunities towards next generation measurement systems. It covers a broad spectrum of topics ranging from basic to industrial research, organized in concise thematic sections that reflect the trends and the impacts of current and future developments per research field. Furthermore, it offers guidance to researchers and funding agencies in identifying new prospects.AerodynamicsMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Efficient Implementation of Gaussian and Laplacian Kernels for Feature Extraction from IP Fisheye Cameras
The Gaussian kernel, its partial derivatives and the Laplacian kernel, applied at different image scales, play a very important role in image processing and in feature extraction from images. Although they have been extensively studied in the case of images acquired by projective cameras, this is not the case for cameras with fisheye lenses. This type of cameras is becoming very popular, since it exhibits a Field of View of 180 degrees. The model of fisheye image formation differs substantially from the simple projective transformation, causing straight lines to be imaged as curves. Thus the traditional kernels used for processing images acquired by projective cameras, are not optimal for fisheye images. This work uses the calibration of the acquiring fisheye camera to define a geodesic metric for distance between pixels in fisheye images and subsequently redefines the Gaussian kernel, its partial derivatives, as well as the Laplacian kernel. Finally, algorithms for applying in the spatial domain these kernels, as well as the Harris corner detector, are proposed, using efficient computational implementations. Comparative results are shown, in terms of correctness of image processing, efficiency of application for multi scale processing, as well as salient point extraction. Thus we conclude that the proposed algorithms allow the efficient application of standard processing and analysis techniques of fisheye images, in the spatial domain, once the calibration of the specific camera is available
Efficient Implementation of Gaussian and Laplacian Kernels for Feature Extraction from IP Fisheye Cameras
The Gaussian kernel, its partial derivatives and the Laplacian kernel, applied at different image scales, play a very important role in image processing and in feature extraction from images. Although they have been extensively studied in the case of images acquired by projective cameras, this is not the case for cameras with fisheye lenses. This type of cameras is becoming very popular, since it exhibits a Field of View of 180 degrees. The model of fisheye image formation differs substantially from the simple projective transformation, causing straight lines to be imaged as curves. Thus the traditional kernels used for processing images acquired by projective cameras, are not optimal for fisheye images. This work uses the calibration of the acquiring fisheye camera to define a geodesic metric for distance between pixels in fisheye images and subsequently redefines the Gaussian kernel, its partial derivatives, as well as the Laplacian kernel. Finally, algorithms for applying in the spatial domain these kernels, as well as the Harris corner detector, are proposed, using efficient computational implementations. Comparative results are shown, in terms of correctness of image processing, efficiency of application for multi scale processing, as well as salient point extraction. Thus we conclude that the proposed algorithms allow the efficient application of standard processing and analysis techniques of fisheye images, in the spatial domain, once the calibration of the specific camera is available
Image Quality Comparison between Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Images and 2D Mammographic Images Using the CDMAM Test Object
To evaluate the image quality (IQ) of synthesized two-dimensional (s2D) and tomographic layer (TL) mammographic images in comparison to the 2D digital mammographic images produced with a new digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system. Methods: The CDMAM test object was used for IQ evaluation of actual 2D images, s2D and TL images, acquired using all available acquisition modes. Evaluation was performed automatically using the commercial software that accompanied CDMAM. Results: The IQ scores of the TLs with the in-focus CDMAM were comparable, although usually inferior to those of 2D images acquired with the same acquisition mode, and better than the respective s2D images. The IQ results of TLs satisfied the EUREF limits applicable to 2D images, whereas for s2D images this was not the case. The use of high-dose mode (H-mode), instead of normal-dose mode (N-mode), increased the image quality of both TL and s2D images, especially when the standard mode (ST) was used. Although the high-resolution (HR) mode produced TL images of similar or better image quality compared to ST mode, HR s2D images were clearly inferior to ST s2D images. Conclusions: s2D images present inferior image quality compared to 2D and TL images. The HR mode produces TL images and s2D images with half the pixel size and requires a 25% increase in average glandular dose (AGD). Despite that, IQ evaluation results with CDMAM are in favor of HR resolution mode only for TL images and mainly for smaller-sized details