Development of a food composition database of different food contaminants CONT11 and estimation of dietary exposure in children of southern Spain

This work was supported by the “Plan propio de Investigaci´on y Transferencia” of the University of Granada under the program “Intensificaci´on de la Investigaci´on, modalidad B′′ granted to Jos´e A. Rufi´an-Henares. This work is part of the doctoral thesis of Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira conducted within the context of the “Program of Nutrition and Food Sciences” at the University of Granada.Increasing food security is one of the Sustainable Development Goals. One of the main risks in food is the increase in food contaminants. Processing methods, such as the addition of additives or heat treatment, influence contaminant generation and increase their levels in food. The aim of the present study was to create a database using a methodology similar to that of food composition databases but with a focus on potential food contaminants. CONT11 collects information on 11 contaminants: hydroxymethyl-2-furfural, pyrraline, Amadori compounds, furosine, acrylamide, furan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzopyrene, nitrates, nitrites and nitrosamines. This is collected for more than 220 foods obtained from 35 different data sources. A food frequency questionnaire validated for use with children was used to validate the database. Contaminant intake and exposure in 114 children aged 10–11 years were estimated. Outcomes were within the range of values described by other studies, confirming the usefulness of CONT11. This database will allow nutrition researchers to go a step further in assessing dietary exposure to some food components and the association of this with disease, whilst also informing strategies to reduce exposure.Universidad de Granad

Total Zn of foods and bioaccesible fractions in the small and large intestine after in vitro digestion and fermentation with fecal material of healthy adults and children: Influence of culinary techniques

This work was supported by the European Research Commission (Research Executive Agency) under the research project Stance4Health under Grant Contract No 816303 and by the Plan propio de Investigación y Transferencia of the University of Granada under the program “Intensificación de la Investigación, modalidad B”.The healthy status of human beings is associated with an appropriate nutritional status in Zn, which must firstly be bioavailable. We measured the total Zn amount and its bioaccesibility in raw foods and after cooking by common culinary techniques. These foods were submitted to an in vitro digestion and fermentation with faecal inocula from healthy adults and children to evaluate Zn bioaccesibility in the small and large intestine. Mean total Zn amount provided by foods was 8.080 μg/g. Zn amount released from food in the small intestine was significantly different among several food groups and lower in raw vegetal foods compared to cooked ones (frying, roasting and grilling; p < 0.05); the same behaviour was found in the large intestine for healthy children. Zn bioaccesibility in the large intestine varied statistically according to the subjects’ idiosyncrasies, and was higher in healthy children (p < 0.05) probably due to growth demands and different composition of the colonic microbiota. In healthy adults and children, the bioaccesible fractions were 33.0 ± 20.4 % for the small intestine, 16.4 ± 22.0 and 59.6 ± 29.9% for the large one, and the non-bioaccessible ones 50.6 ± 19.9 and 7.4 ± 9.1%, respectively.European Research Commission 816303Plan propio de Investigación y Transferencia of the University of GranadaUniversidad de Granada UG

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Perfiles de mercado de las provincias de Canadá

El proyecto Perfiles de Mercado de las Provincias de Canadá consiste en una guía de apoyo para los exportadores colombianos, facilitando la toma de decisiones a partir de un panorama detallado de cada una de las provincias que conforman el país.\ud En este documento se exponen el perfil demográfico, político, geográfico, económico y logístico de cada provincia, donde se encuentra información acerca de rutas de acceso, aeropuertos, puertos, zonas francas e infraestructura.\ud Adicionalmente, se evalúan los principales productos importados por cada provincia y sus proveedores más significativos. A su vez se analizan los diez productos con mayor participación en las exportaciones colombianas hacia cada provincia de Canadá, teniendo en cuenta proveedores, participación en el mercado, requisitos de importación, procedimientos de importación y regulaciones arancelarias.The Project “Perfiles de Mercado de las Provincias de Canadá” is a supporting guide for the Colombian exporters helping the decision-making process from a detailed overview of each province in the country.\ud This document outlines the demographic, political, geographic, economic and logistic profile of each province, where it’s possible to find information about paths, airports, ports, free zones and infrastructure.\ud Additionally, the main products imported by each province and its most significant suppliers are evaluated. At the same time, the ten products with greater participation in Colombian exports to every province of Canada are analyzed, taking into account suppliers, market share, import requirements, import procedures and tariff regulations

Calidad de frutos vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) procedente de la Huasteca Potosina, México

Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks ex Andrews), is an orchid, whose fruit has outstanding organoleptic characteristics, being the second most expensive spice after saffron and used as flavoring. Due to changes in the climate pattern in the Totonacapan producing region, in Veracruz, Mexico, the productivity of vanilla has decreased, but in other regions such as the Huasteca Potosina, commercial production represents an option for local producers. Therefore, in this study the quality of the vanilla from 14 sites of eleven localities, belonging to eight municipalities of the Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, was evaluated. Method Vanilla fruits were harvested from each locality, in physiological maturity at 32 weeks of age (224 days after pollination), and they were subjected to the same process of curing and variables such as size, humidity percentage water activity, total soluble sugars and aroma compounds in the cured fruit were evaluated. Results It was found that the predominant sugar in vanilla fruits was glucose, with 1.55-4.28%. The fruits from 60 % of the collect sites achieve the minimum standard length. Vanillic acid was the component of the aroma with the greatest variation. The vanillin content of the fruits from all the municipalities had more than 1.2 %, and only the fruit samples from two sites (Tixcuayuca3 and Tamala) achieve the minimum of 2.0 % required by NOM-182-SCFI-2011. Discussion and conclusion There is a significant variation in the content of aromatic compounds, with a low ratio between the aroma compounds (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic acid and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde) and vanillin from 6.97-11.87 of the vanilla cured fruits from 14 sites of the Huasteca Potosina, Mexico. These differences are considered the result of the interaction of the environment with the species, culture conditions, nutrition, among others. Despite this it was found several fruits which stand out for their organoleptic quality, mainly for the vanillin content, such the ones grown at the municipalities of Matlapa, Xilita and Tamazunchale.La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews), es una orquídea cuyo fruto beneficiado presenta características organolépticas sobresalientes, siendo la segunda especia más costosa después del azafrán y utilizada como saborizante y aromatizante. Debido a cambios en el patrón climático en la región productora del Totonacapan, en Veracruz, México, la productividad de la vainilla ha disminuido, pero en otras regiones como la Huasteca Potosina, la producción comercial representa una opción para los productores locales. Por lo anterior en este estudio se evaluó la calidad de la vainilla procedente de 14 sitios de once localidades, pertenecientes a ocho municipios de la Huasteca Potosina, San Luis Potosí, México. Método Se cosecharon frutos de vainilla de cada localidad, en madurez fisiológica de 32 semanas de edad (224 días después de polinización), y se sometieron a un mismo proceso de beneficio y posteriormente se evaluaron variables como dimensión, porcentaje de humedad, actividad de agua, contenido de azúcares solubles totales y compuestos del aroma en el fruto beneficiado. Resultados Se encontró que el azúcar predominante en frutos de vainilla beneficiado fue la glucosa, con 1.55-4.28 %. Los frutos provenientes del 60% de los lugares de colecta cumplieron con la norma de longitud mínima. El ácido vaníllico fue el componente del aroma con mayor variación. El contenido de vainillina de los frutos provenientes de todos los municipios tuvieron más de 1.2 %, y solo las muestras de fruto de dos sitios (Tixcuayuca3 y Tamala) cumplieron con el mínimo de 2.0 % que exige la NOM-182-SCFI-2011. Discusión y conclusión Existe una variación significativa en el contenido de compuestos aromáticos, con una baja relación entre los compuestos del aroma (p-hidroxibenzóico, ácido vaníllico y p-hidroxibenzaldehído) y vainillina de 6.97-11.87 de los frutos de vainilla beneficiadas procedentes de 14 sitios de la Huasteca Potosina, México. Estas diferencias se consideran el resultado de la interacción del medio con la especie, condiciones del cultivo, nutrición, entre otras. A pesar de esto se pueden encontrar frutos que sobresalen por su calidad organoléptica, principalmente por el contenido de vainillina, como los frutos procedentes de los municipios de Matlapa, Xilita y Tamazunchale

Multisystemic Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Associated with COVID-19 in a Regional Pediatric Hospital from México

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is an inflammatory condition temporally associated with COVID-19 in children; nevertheless, the clinical and immunologic spectrum of MIS-C is heterogeneous, and its long-term effects are unknown. During the period of August 2020 to December 2021, a total of 52 MIS-C cases were confirmed in pediatric patients from the Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, diagnosed using criteria from the World Health Organization. All patients had serologic IgG confirmation of SARS-CoV2, the mean age of the patients was 7 years, and 94% of the patients did not have a previous underlying disease. In addition to the presentation of lymphopenia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, elevations in D-dimer and ferritin levels were observed in all patients. There was clinical improvement with intravenous gamma globulin and corticosteroid treatment

Psicología de las organizaciones y del trabajo. Apuestas de investigación II

El presente volumen condensa y sintetiza lo que va siendo contemporáneamente la POT colombiana, en particular, y latinoamericana, en general, que aparece como un reflejo y una adaptación de la que se está desarrollando globalmente según cánones dictados desde otras latitudes socioeconómicas, políticas y culturales, pero también como reacción a ella y como autoafirmación. Ello no constituye un ejemplar de texto anticolonial, sino más bien un manifiesto antietnocéntrico al presentar e interpretar la realidad investigada en el marco de sus propios parámetros socioculturales, sin que estos sean considerados necesariamente claves universales para la comprensión de otras realidades ajenas y exóticas. Y esta es una de sus principales contribuciones generales, porque marca un estilo distinto de hacer POT al enfatizar el aspecto idiosincrático de los fenómenos y procesos de que se ocupa y haciéndolo así, señala un horizonte que no deben perder de vista la disciplina y la profesión, si no quieren repetir viejos errores de su pasado reciente derivados de la minimización de la relatividad histórico-cultural de su campo y su objeto. A escala global y local, resta un largo camino por progresar hacia una POT con mayor fundamentación epistemológica, más articulación interdisciplinaria y multiprofesional, relevancia social, elaboración teórica, calidad y diversidad metodológicas y reflexividad autocrítica que resitúe en el centro del quehacer científico y profesional el marco de referencia axiológico, étho-politico y deontológico. Este libro es un paso significativo en esta dirección.Universidad de San Buenaventura - Cal