538 research outputs found
Drug interactions may be important risk factors for methotrexate neurotoxicity, particularly in pediatric leukemia patients
Purpose: Methotrexate administration is associated with
frequent adverse neurological events during treatment for
childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Here, we present
evidence to support the role of common drug interactions
and low vitamin B12 levels in potentiating methotrexate
neurotoxicity.
Methods: We review the published evidence and highlight
key potential drug interactions as well as present clinical
evidence of severe methotrexate neurotoxicity in conjunction
with nitrous oxide anesthesia and measurements of
vitamin B12 levels among pediatric leukemia patients during
therapy.
Results: We describe a very plausible mechanism for
methotrexate neurotoxicity in pediatric leukemia patients
involving reduction in methionine and consequential disruption
of myelin production. We provide evidence that a
number of commonly prescribed drugs in pediatric leukemia
management interact with the same folate biosynthetic
pathways and/or reduce functional vitamin B12 levels and
hence are likely to increase the toxicity of methotrexate in
these patients. We also present a brief case study supporting
out hypothesis that nitrous oxide contributes to methotrexate
neurotoxicity and a nutritional study, showing that
patients.
Conclusions: Use of nitrous oxide in pediatric leukemia
patients at the same time as methotrexate use should be
avoided especially as many suitable alternative anesthetic
agents exist. Clinicians should consider monitoring levels
of vitamin B12 in patients suspected of having methotrexate-
induced neurotoxic effects
Reply: Methotrexate neurotoxicity due to drug interactions: an inadequate folinic acid effect
No abstract available
Analysing the Security of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect
Many millions of users routinely use their Google accounts to log in to
relying party (RP) websites supporting the Google OpenID Connect service.
OpenID Connect, a newly standardised single-sign-on protocol, builds an
identity layer on top of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, which has itself been widely
adopted to support identity management services. It adds identity management
functionality to the OAuth 2.0 system and allows an RP to obtain assurances
regarding the authenticity of an end user. A number of authors have analysed
the security of the OAuth 2.0 protocol, but whether OpenID Connect is secure in
practice remains an open question. We report on a large-scale practical study
of Google's implementation of OpenID Connect, involving forensic examination of
103 RP websites which support its use for sign-in. Our study reveals serious
vulnerabilities of a number of types, all of which allow an attacker to log in
to an RP website as a victim user. Further examination suggests that these
vulnerabilities are caused by a combination of Google's design of its OpenID
Connect service and RP developers making design decisions which sacrifice
security for simplicity of implementation. We also give practical
recommendations for both RPs and OPs to help improve the security of real world
OpenID Connect systems
Effects of switching to PI monotherapy on measures of lipoatrophy: meta-analysis of six randomized HIV clinical trials
Background: Switching from triple combination treatment to protease inhibitor (PI) monotherapy may prevent or reverse adverse events related to long-term nucleoside analogues. Lipoatrophy is associated with long-term use of thymidine analogues (zidovudine and stavudine). Methods: A detailed MEDLINE search was conducted to identify randomised clinical trials of triple combination treatment versus PI monotherapy. Summary results from analysis of changes in body composition (DEXA analysis) were collected: the mean change in limb fat and trunk fat to Week 48 or 96, and the percentage of patients with lipoatrophy (20% reduction from baseline in limb fat) or lipohypertrophy (20% rise from baseline in trunk fat). Results: Six randomised trials of PI monotherapy versus triple therapy with data on body composition changes, measured by DEXA scanning at baseline and Week 48 or 96, were identified: Abbott-613 (LPV/r vs ZDV/3TC/EFV, induction-maintenance trial, n=105), Monark (LPV/r vs ZDV/3TC/LPV/r, first-line trial, n=63), Kalesolo (LPV/r vs LPV/r +2NRTIs, switch trial, n=42), MONOI (DRV/r vs DRV/r + 2NRTIs, switch trial, n=156), MONARCH (DRV/r vs DRV/r + 2NRTIs, switch trial, n=30) and KRETA (LPV/r vs LPV/r + ABC/3TC, switch trial, n=74). In the meta-analysis, there were greater rises in limb fat in the PI monotherapy arms than the triple therapy arms (mean difference =277g, 95% CI=+36 to+517g, p=0.024). The percentage of patients with lipoatrophy was significantly lower in the PI monotherapy arms (4%) than the triple therapy arms (20%), (p=0.0005). There was no difference between PI monotherapy and triple therapy for mean change in trunk fat (mean difference=−73g, 95% CI = −621 to +475g, p=ns). There was also no significant difference in the risk of lipohypertrophy between the PI monotherapy arms (32%) and the triple therapy arms (27%) (p=ns). In each of the four analyses, there was no evidence for heterogeneity of treatment effects between the trials (Cochran's Q tests, p=ns for each comparison). Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, the risk of lipoatrophy was significantly lower for patients taking PI monotherapy, compared to triple therapy. There was no significant difference between the arms for lipohypertrophy. However, several of the trials included zidovudine in the control arm, which carries a higher risk of lipoatrophy than tenofovir and abacavir, which are now more widely used
Literatuuronderzoek naar analysemethodieken voor de bepaling van thallium
Naast hoofdzakelijk aandacht voor gevoelige detectiemethoden wordt ingegaan op monsterontsluitingsmethoden voor de bepaling van het zeer toxische element thalliu
Literatuuronderzoek naar het gebruik, gedrag en voorkomen van organotin bevattende bestrijdingsmiddelen
De succesvolle toepassing van organotinverbindingen voor ver uiteenlopende doeleinden heeft geleid tot de huidige hoge wereldproduktie van deze verbindingen. De meest belangrijke en oudste toepassing is de verwerking van di- en mono-organotinverbindingen als stabilisatoren in kunststoffen, zoals PVC . De laatste decennia is echter in het bijzonder het gebruik van tri-organotin-bevattende bestrijdingsmiddelen sterk toegenomen. Zo worden tributyltin- en trifenyltin verbindingen in aangroeiwerende verven voor schepen, pleziervaartuigen etc. verwerkt. In de land- en tuinbouw zijn de fungiciden trifenyltinhydroxide en -acetaat en de acaraciden tricyclohexyltinhydroxide en fenbutatinoxide de belangrijkste organotin-bevattende middelen, die worden toegepast voor gewasbescherming . Op basis van deze literatuurstudie moet gesteld worden dat nog onvoldoende onderzoeksgegevens beschikbaar zijn om een eventueel verbod op het gebruik van deze middelen te onderbouwen cq . af te wijzen. Het name bestaat nog onduidelijkheid omtrent de belasting van het aquatisch milieu, de werkelijke accumulatie in de bodem en de afbraaksnelheid van deze verbindingen onder veldcondities
Nonsaturating magnetoresistance and nontrivial band topology of type-II Weyl semimetal NbIrTe4
Weyl semimetals, characterized by nodal points in the bulk and Fermi arc
states on the surface, have recently attracted extensive attention due to the
potential application on low energy consumption electronic materials. In this
report, the thermodynamic and transport properties of a theoretically predicted
Weyl semimetal NbIrTe4 is measured in high magnetic fields up to 35 T and low
temperatures down to 0.4 K. Remarkably, NbIrTe4 exhibits a nonsaturating
transverse magnetoresistance which follows a power-law dependence in B.
Low-field Hall measurements reveal that hole-like carriers dominate the
transport for T 80 K, while the significant enhancement of electron
mobilities with lowering T results in a non-negligible contribution from
electron-like carriers which is responsible for the observed non-linear Hall
resistivity at low T. The Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of the Hall
resistivity under high B give the light effective masses of charge carriers and
the nontrivial Berry phase associated with Weyl fermions. Further
first-principles calculations confirm the existence of 16 Weyl points located
at kz = 0, 0.02 and 0.2 planes in the Brillouin zone.Comment: 5 figures, 1 tabl
Optimalisatie van parameters, kalibratie en toepassing van een interne standaard bij multi-elementanalyses m.b.v. ICP-AES
ICP-AES heeft als belangrijkste voordeel dat meerdere elementen tegelijkertijd gemeten kunnen worden. Uit voorgaand onderzoek is gebleken dat matrix- interferenties kunnen leiden tot foutieve analyseresultaten. Om voor deze matrix-effecten te corrigeren zou standaardadditie toegepast moeten worden. Deze methode is echter zeer bewerkelijk, vooral bij multi-elementanalyses. In het huidige onderzoek is nagegaan of deze matrix-effecten geëlimineerd kunnen worden door een optimale instelling van de meetcondities, eventueel in combinatie met toepassing van een interne standaard (scandium). In het onderzoek is tevens aandacht besteed aan de kalibratie en aan de invloed van de zoutconcentratie. Bij de optimalisatie van een aantal apparatuur-parameters is de invloed van meethoogte en verstuiverdruk op o.a. de gevoeligheid onderzocht
Bodemontwikkeling voor natuur - het uitmijnexperiment voor de Westelijke Langstraat
Het verlagen van de fosfaatgehaltes in het profiel van de landbouwgrond in de Westelijke Langstraat kan twee doelen dienen: • Voorkomen dat de bodem fosfaat afgeeft aan het grondwater (en dus oppervlaktewater) waardoor er fosfaat arm oppervlaktewater wordt aangevoerd naar de Natura 2000 natuurgebieden binnen de WL. • Verschralen van de bouwvoor waardoor de soortensamenstelling van de vegetatie verandert, toeneemt en bijzonder kan worden
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