Évaluation de la Variabilité Génétique d’Une Collection de Bananiers Plantain (Musa sp.) Cultivés en Côte d’Ivoire à Partir d’Une Caractérisation Agro-morphologique

La banane plantain est un produit de grande consommation en Côte d’Ivoire. Dans le but d’accroître les rendements par la création de variétés performantes, une bonne connaissance de la diversité des accessions existante est indispensable. Dans cette optique, la diversité agro-morphologique de la collection de bananiers du Centre National de Spécialisation plantain (CNS-Plantain) composée de 42 accessions a été analysée sur la base de 38 variables qualitatives et quantitatives selon le descripteur de l’IPGRI-INIBHP/CIRAD 1996. Les résultats ont montré des différences significatives entre les accessions au niveau morphologique, des caractères de production et des rendements. L’analyse en composantes principales (ACP) et la classification ascendante hiérarchique (CAH) ont montré une importante variabilité génétique et ont permis d’identifier 5 groupes de bananiers dans la collection. Le groupe des French (Groupe 1) et le groupe de banane à cuire de type ABB (Groupe 5) sont caractérisés par un nombre de mains élevés (6 à 16), des fruits courts et nombreux (53 à 192) et donc de gros régimes avec un long cycle de production pour les French. Le groupe des Faux-cornes (Groupe 3) possède 4 à 8 mains avec des fruits de taille moyenne et peu nombreux (14 à 57) et un cycle de production plus court. Les individus du groupe 2 (Bâtard) possèdent des fruits de taille et de nombre intermédiaire entre les French et les Faux-cornes. Dans le quatrième groupe (Vrai-cornes), les accessions sont caractérisées par des fruits de grande taille et peu nombreux (7 à 20). Cette diversité génétique offre ainsi une grande possibilité de choix de géniteurs pour la création de variétés améliorées de banane plantain en Côte d’Ivoire.   The plantain banana is a widely consumed product in Côte d'Ivoire. In order to increase yields by creating high-performance varieties, a good knowledge of the diversity of existing accessions is important. Thus, the agro-morphological diversity of the banana collection of the National Center for Plantain Specialization (CNS-Plantain) composed of 42 accessions was analyzed based on 38 qualitative and quantitative variables according to the IPGRI-INIBHP descriptor. /CIRAD 1996. The results showed significant differences between the accessions in terms of morphology, production traits and yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical ascending classification (HAC) showed significant genetic variability and identify 5 groups of bananas in the collection. The French group (Group 1) and the ABB-type cooking banana group (Group 5) are characterized by a high number of hands (6 to 16), short and more fruits (53 to 192), therefore a bigger bunch with a long production cycle for the French. The False horn group (Group 3) has 4 to 8 hands with medium-sized and few fruits (14 to 57) and a shorter production cycle. The accessions of group 2 (Bâtard) have fruits of intermediate size and number between the French and the False horns. In the fourth group (True horns), the accessions are characterized by large and few fruits (7 to 20). Thus, this genetic diversity offers a great possibility of choice of genitors for the creation of improved varieties of plantain in Côte d'Ivoire

Effects of Peat and Chiken Litter on Three Cultivars of Plantain in Plants Vivo: FHIA 21, PITA 3 and Horn 1

Aims: This study was carried out to test various substrates made of a mixture of earth with different proportions of organic fertilizing substances to improve the technique of mass production of plantain plantain material, and the multiplication of shelled strains (MSD). Place and Duration of Study: The study of the growth and development of plantain cultivars FHIA 21, PITA 3 and Horn 1 was carried out in the region of Azaguié, at the production station of plantain banana (Musa pardisiaca) plants of the National Center for Agricultural Research (CNRA) under tunnel and shade for a period of 8 months. Methodology: The substrates tested were chicken litter and peat mixed with soil in 25%, 50% and 75% proportions. Our study took place from March to November 2014. Results: For tunnel results, S7 (soil 25% - mature chicken litter 75%) and S6 (soil 50% - mature chicken litter 50%) had positive impacts on the height of the three cultivars, particularly Horn 1 while the dry matter was improved by the substrate S1 earth (100%). The S7 substrate allowed good root production regardless of the cultivar and also increased root branching levels. Under the shade, substrates S7 and S6 negatively influenced the height. The number of roots and the degree of branching of the roots were improved by the substrates S2 (50% earth - 50% peat) and S3 (25% earth - 75% peat). The amounts of dry matter fluctuated without any significant difference. The influence of the two environments on the development and growth parameters of the in vivo plants revealed that the highest values were obtained under tunnel with the exception of the dry matter. Conclusion: This study confirmed that, there was influence of substrates on the growth and development of plantain banana plants. Substrate S7 gave the best result under tunnel and under shaded substrates S2 and S3. In both environments, S7 substrates had a positive effect on the number of roots emitted