Implementation of Overtopping Discharges in a 2D Coastal Flood Model of the Mont Saint-Michel Bay

Hydrodynamic

Le patient traumatisé en pré-hospitalier : l'orientation du patient selon l'appréciation du clinicien aurait-elle changé a posteriori avec l'utilisation des scores Shock Index et MGAP ?

Introduction : le triage des patients traumatisés en pré-hospitalier représente un enjeu majeur de santé publique pouvant avoir des conséquences sur la morbi-mortalité des patients, mais aussi un impact médico-économique négatif. L’objectif principal était d’évaluer a posteriori si l’orientation du patient faite par l’appréciation du clinicien aurait été modifiée avec l’utilisation des scores Shock Index et MGAP, au profit d’une diminution du sur-triage sans augmenter le sous-triage. L’objectif secondaire était de déterminer la valeur pronostique de ces scores pour les principaux critères de morbi-mortalité.Matériel et méthodes : cette étude observationnelle, rétrospective multicentrique a inclus les patients admis dans un centre de niveau 1 (Hôpital Nord, Marseille) et un centre de niveau 2 (Martigues) entre le 1/01/2018 et le 31/12/2018. Le critère de jugement principal pour définir le sur-triage et le sous-triage était le score ISS>15 et la mortalité intra-hospitalière. Résultats : 359 patients ont été admis. L’appréciation du clinicien a induit un taux de sous-triage de 0,6% pour 43,5% de sur-triage permettant de répondre aux critères de l’ACS-COT. L’ajout du score SI > 0,9 avec une sensibilité de 67,7% et une spécificité de 88,4%, et l’ajout du score MGAP 0,9 était statistiquement associé à un score ISS > 15, à la survenue d’un choc hémorragique, de coagulopathie traumatique et de transfusion massive ; contrairement au score MGAP altéré qui en plus était associé à un traumatisme crânien, une durée de ventilation mécanique allongée et une mortalité intra-hospitalière plus importante.Conclusion : l’appréciation actuelle du clinicien permet de répondre aux objectifs de sous-triage de 5% et l’ajout des scores SI et MGAP pourrait permettre une diminution du sur-triage mais avec un impact négatif sur l’orientation initialement correcte du praticien. L’intérêt d’une étude prospective pour confirmer l’impact de l’ajout de ces scores, notamment dans des algorithmes de triage en pratique quotidienne, semble indispensable

La cardiotoxicité induite par les anthracyclines (de la clinique à l'approche expérimentale)

DIJON-BU Médecine Pharmacie (212312103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Whole-body basal nitric oxide production is impaired in postprandial endothelial dysfunction in healthy rats

International audienc

Anti-hypertensive effects of Rosuvastatin are associated with decreased inflammation and oxidative stress markers in hypertensive rats

National audienceAmong their pleiotropic effects, statins exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate in normotensive (WKY) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) the effect of rosuvastatin (ROSU) treatment on (1) plasma inflammation markers and endogenous NO synthase inhibitor (ADMA) levels, (2) reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by circulating leukocytes and (3) vascular oxidative stress and tissue inflammation markers. Plasma cytokines were higher in SHR than in WKY, except for IL-4, which was lower in SHR than in WKY. SHR monocytes exhibited higher production of ROS than did WKY monocytes. In the experimental conditions, ROSU did not modify plasma cholesterol levels in SHR but attenuated the increase in systolic blood pressure. In SHR only, ROSU lessened pro-inflammatory cytokines and ADMA levels, increased IL-4 and reduced ROS production in circulating monocytes. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of ROSU in SHR, independently of any lowering of cholesterol levels

Effect of commercially available Plant Defence Stimulators on human innate immunity

National audiencePDS (Plant defence stimulators) constitute a recent alternative to pesticides used for crop protection. These compounds are of diverse nature, they all act by stimulating plant innate immune system and plants can better fight pathogens. There are many similarities in pathogen perception systems and cellular signalling in plants and animals. Many elicitors stimulate both human and plant innate immunity (Zipfel and Felix, 2005). Therefore, it is likely that human innate immunity could be modulated by PDS. The aim of this study is to evaluate pro/anti-inflammatory activity of five different commercially available PDS on human cell models. We studied the pro/anti-inflammatory effect of PDS on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These cells are exposed during 20 h to various concentrations of PDS or their corresponding active molecules. Pro-inflammatory action is evaluated by measuring the quantity of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the cells supernatants using ELISA test. To study anti-inflammatory effect, PBMC were treated with LPS to trigger a basal inflammatory response. We then checked if PDS delivered at the same time as LPS modified IL-1β production. In addition, in all the experiments, the viability is evaluated with a XTT test. PDS, which were however used at equal or lower concentrations than in the fields, show different profiles in terms of cytotoxicity and inflammatory modulation. Our results indicate that PDS can differently interact with human innate immunity

Effect of commercially available Plant Defence Stimulators (PDS) on human innate immunity

International audiencePDS (Plant defence stimulators) constitute a recent alternative to pesticides used for crop protection. These compounds called elicitors are of diverse nature, but they all act by stimulating innate immune system of plants. So, plants can better fight pathogens. Furthermore, there are many similarities in pathogen perception systems and cellular signalling in plants and animals. It is well established that many elicitors stimulate both human and plant innate immunity (Zipfel and Felix, 2005). Therefore, it is likely that human innate immunity could be modulated by PDS. The aim of this study is to evaluate pro/anti-inflammatory activity of five different commercially available PDS on human cell models. We studied the pro/anti-inflammatory effect of PDS (Bion® 50WG, Stifenia...) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). These cells are exposed during twenty hours to various concentrations of PDS or their corresponding active molecules. Pro-inflammatory action is evaluated by measuring the quantity of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the cells supernatants using ELISA test. To study anti-inflammatory effect, we used PBMC treated with LPS to trigger a basal inflammatory response. We then checked if PDS delivered at the same time as LPS modified IL-1β production. In addition, in all the experiments, the viability is evaluated with a XTT test. PDS, which were however used at equal or lower concentrations than in the fields, show different profiles in terms of cytotoxicity and inflammatory modulation. For example, Stifenia was slightly cytotoxic at 1 mg/ml and pro-inflammatory at 0,3 and 1 mg/ml concentrations. Conversely, Bion® 50WG at dosages from 0,3 mg/ml dose-dependently inhibited IL-1β production and proved to be anti-inflammatory. Interestingly, some active molecules have not the same inflammatory profile than their respective formulated PDS from the market. Our results indicate that PDS can differently interact with human innate immunity. We hope to use these particularities to better understand the innate immunity pathways that could be common in plants and animals

Rapeseed Protein in a High-Fat Mixed Meal Alleviates Postprandial Systemic and Vascular Oxidative Stress and Prevents Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Healthy Rats

International audienc

Antioxidant properties of alpha-lipoic acid: effects on red blood membrane permeability and adaptation of isolated rat heart to reversible ischemia

International audienceThe aim of our work was to study (1) the antioxidant properties of lipoic acid (LA) and its reduced metabolite dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) formed by reduction of LA and (2) the effects of treatment with LA and DHLA on (a) K ? efflux from human red blood cells and (b) postischemic recovery and oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat hearts challenged with an ischemia-reperfusion (IR) sequence. In vitro, we used xanthine and xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide anion, which is not directly measurable by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but specifically oxidizes the spin probe CPH into an EPR-detectable long lasting CP • nitroxide radical. While 5 mM of LA was ineffective in reducing the kinetics of CP • nitroxide formation, DHLA was shown to lessen this rate in a dose-dependent manner and at 30 mM was even more efficient than 300 UI/ ml SOD. These results are in agreement with the fact that DHLA is able to directly scavenge superoxide anion. Red cells are a good model to investigate oxidative damage in biological membranes; hence, we used a suspension of erythrocytes incubated with 2,2 0-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH) which generates in vitro free radicals. DHLA provided more effective protection of red cells membranes than LA; DHLA was comparable to Trolox for its antioxidant potency. In vivo, treatment of rats (50 mg/kg/ day i.p. for 7 days) with LA induced a slight increase in coronary flow (CF) in isolated perfused hearts, after 30 min of global total ischemia. This effect was not associated with an improvement in contractile function and reduction of myocardial oxidative stress. In conclusion, because of their ability to scavenge free radicals, LA and to an even greater degree DHLA were able to protect the membranes of red blood cells. This finding suggests that LA and DHLA might be useful in the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress such as diabetes