Ageing and endurance training effects on quantity and quality of pulmonary vascular bed in healthy men

International audienceIt has recently been demonstrated that in healthy individuals, peak oxygen consumption is associated with a greater pulmonary capillary blood volume and a more distensible pulmonary circulation. Our cross-sectional study suggests that, in healthy men aged 20 to 60 years (n = 63), endurance sport practice (vigorous-intensity domain of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire) is associated with better quantity (pulmonary capillary blood volume) and quality (slope of increase in lung diffusion for carbon monoxide on exercise) of the pulmonary vascular bed, partly counterbalancing the deleterious effects of ageing, which remains to be demonstrated in a prospective longitudinal design

Comparative effect of intraoperative propacetamol versus placebo on morphine consumption after elective reduction mammoplasty under remifentanil-based anesthesia: a randomized control trial [ISRCTN71723173]

BACKGROUND: Postoperative administration of paracetamol or its prodrug propacetamol has been shown to decrease pain with a morphine sparing effect. However, the effect of propacetamol administered intra-operatively on post-operative pain and early postoperative morphine consumption has not been clearly evaluated. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of analgesic protocols in the management of post-operative pain, a standardized anesthesia protocol without long-acting opioids is crucial. Thus, for ethical reasons, the surgical procedure under general anesthesia with remifentanil as the only intraoperative analgesic must be associated with a moderate predictable postoperative pain. METHODS: We were interested in determining the postoperative effect of propacetamol administered intraoperatively after intraoperative remifentanil. Thirty-six adult women undergoing mammoplasty with remifentanil-based anesthesia were randomly assigned to receive propacetamol 2 g or placebo one hour before the end of surgery. After remifentanil interruption and tracheal extubation in recovery room, pain was assessed and intravenous titrated morphine was given. The primary end-point was the cumulative dose of morphine administered in the recovery room. The secondary end-points were the pain score after tracheal extubation and one hour after, the delay for obtaining a Simplified Numerical Pain Scale (SNPS) less than 4, and the incidence of morphine side effects in the recovery room. For intergroup comparisons, categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared test and continuous variables were compared using the Student t test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. A p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In recovery room, morphine consumption was lower in the propacetamol group than in the placebo group (p = 0.01). Pain scores were similar in both groups after tracheal extubation and lower in the propacetamol group (p = 0.003) one hour after tracheal extubation. The time to reach a SNPS < 4 was significantly shorter in the propacetamol group (p = 0.02). The incidence of morphine related side effects did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative propacetamol administration with remifentanil based-anesthesia improved significantly early postoperative pain by sparing morphine and shortening the delay to achieve pain relief

Perte d'information lors d'agrégation spatiale en hydrologie. Application à un modèle hydrologique

Actes des journées Cassini 1998International audienceLe GDR Cassini regroupe depuis 1992, des chercheurs en informatique et en géographie, dans le but de : - structurer la recherche en matière de SI

L'hydrologie tropicale : géosciences et outil pour le développement : mélanges à la mémoire de Jean Rodier

Dans le cadre de la prédétermination des crues décennales au Sahel, Jean Rodier a proposé une méthode d'évaluation des coefficients de ruissellement décennaux. Cette méthode est basée sur l'estimation de trois paramètres explicatifs, la surface du bassin versant, l'indice global de pente et la classe d'infiltrabilité. L'utilisation d'abaques permet la détermination du coefficient recherché : pour une surface donnée, on effectue une double interpolation sur les variables pente et infiltrabilité. Un des points délicats de la méthode réside dans la détermination et la classification des variables explicatives. En effet, ce travail met en jeu des connaissances qualitatives qu'il s'agit de traduire quantitativement. Or la théorie des ensembles flous permet le traitement numérique d'informations qualitatives ou incertaines. Nous testons un système à bases de règles floues dans lequel les variables sont appréhendées en tant que nombres flous, et où les algorithmes numériques sont remplacés par des règles d'inférence. La calibration du modèle s'effectue sur un jeu de données en faisant varier la forme des fonctions d'appartenance ainsi que la mise en oeuvre des règles. Le modèle est ensuite validé sur un autre échantillon de données. (Résumé d'auteur