Polymeric foams from cross-linkable poly-N-ary lenebenzimidazoles

Foamed cross-linked poly-N-arylenebinzimidazoles are prepared by mixing an organic tetraamine and an ortho substituted aromatic dicarboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a blowing agent, and then heating the prepolymer to a temperature sufficient to complete polymerization and foaming of the reactants. In another embodiment of the process, the reactants are heated to form a prepolymer. The prepolymer is then cured at higher temperatures to complete foaming and polymerization

Monitoring Relative Abundance of American Shad in Virginia Rivers 2006 Annual Report

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and spawning history), estimation of total mortality, indices of juvenile abundance, and evaluation of restoration programs by detection and enumeration of hatchery-released fish. This annual report documents continued compliance with Federal law. Since 1998, scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have monitored the spawning run of American shad in the James, York and Rappahannock rivers. The information resulting from this program is reported annually to the ASMFC, has formed the basis for a significant number of technical papers published in the professional literature, and is contributing substantially to our understanding of the status and conservation of this important species. Data collected in the Virginia monitoring program was recently used in a revised stock assessment of American shad scheduled for peer review in summer 2007. A number of individuals make significant contributions to the monitoring program and the preparation of this report. Commercial fishermen Tony Kellum, Raymond Kellum, Marc Brown and Jamie Sanders construct, set, and fish the sampling gear and offer helpful advice. They have participated in the sampling program since its beginning in 1998. Their contributions as authors of historic log books during the 1980s and as expert shad fishermen are essential elements of the monitoring program. In 2006, the staff and students of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science who participated in the program were: K. Delano, B. Watkins, P. Crewe, A. Rhea, R. Harris, J. Hoffman, T. Tuckey, A. Aunins, S. Upton, and M. Chattin. Their dedication, consistent attention to detail and hard work in the field and in the laboratory are appreciated. K. Delano prepared data summaries for this report and B. Watkins determined age s of fish. Fish product from the sentinel fishery are donated to the Food Bank of Newport News, Virginia. We offer our thanks to Mr. Bud Davenport who facilitates this donation and to the Hunters for the Hungry (Virginia Hunters Who Care) organization for their assistanc

Monitoring Relative Abundance of American Shad in Virginia Rivers 2005 Annual Report

Concern about the decline in landings of American shad (Alosa sapidissima) along the Atlantic coast prompted the development of an interstate fisheries management plan (FMP) under the auspices of the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Management Program (ASMFC 1999). Legislation enables imposition of federal sanctions on fishing in those states that fail to comply with the FMP. To be in compliance, coastal states are required to implement and maintain fishery-dependent and fishery-independent monitoring programs as specified by the FMP. For Virginia, these requirements include spawning stock assessments, the collection of biological data on the spawning run (e.g., age-structure, sex ratio, and spawning history), estimation of total mortality, indices of juvenile abundance, and evaluation of restoration programs by detection and enumeration of hatchery-released fish. This annual report documents continued compliance with Federal law. Since 1998, scientists at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have monitored the spawning run of American shad in the James, York and Rappahannock rivers. The information resulting from this program is reported annually to the ASMFC, has formed the basis for a significant number of technical papers published in the professional literature, and is contributing substantially to our understanding of the status and conservation of this important species. Data collected in the Virginia monitoring program was recently used in a revised stock assessment of American shad scheduled for peer review in summer 2007. A number of individuals make significant contributions to the monitoring program and the preparation of this report. Commercial fishermen Tony Kellum, Raymond Kellum, Marc Brown and Jamie Sanders construct, set, and fish the sampling gear and offer helpful advice. They have participated in the sampling program since its beginning in 1998. Their contributions as authors of historic log books during the 1980s and as expert shad fishermen are essential elements of the monitoring program. In 2006, the staff and students of the Virginia Institute of Marine Science who participated in the program were: K. Delano, B. Watkins, P. Crewe, A. Rhea, R. Harris, J. Hoffman, T. Tuckey, A. Aunins, S. Upton, and M. Chattin. Their dedication, consistent attention to detail and hard work in the field and in the laboratory are appreciated. K. Delano prepared data summaries for this report and B. Watkins determined age s of fish. Fish product from the sentinel fishery are donated to the Food Bank of Newport News, Virginia. We offer our thanks to Mr. Bud Davenport who facilitates this donation and to the Hunters for the Hungry (Virginia Hunters Who Care) organization for their assistance

40Ar/39Ar ages of lunar impact glasses: Relationships among Ar diffusivity, chemical composition, shape, and size

Lunar impact glasses, quenched melts produced during cratering events on the Moon, have the potential to provide not only compositional information about both the local and regional geology of the Moon but also information about the impact flux over time. We present in this paper the results of 73 new 40Ar/39Ar analyses of well-characterized, inclusion-free lunar impact glasses and demonstrate that size, shape, chemical composition, fraction of radiogenic 40Ar retained, and cosmic ray exposure (CRE) ages are important for 40Ar/39Ar investigations of these samples. Specifically, analyses of lunar impact glasses from the Apollo 14, 16, and 17 landing sites indicate that retention of radiogenic 40Ar is a strong function of post-formation thermal history in the lunar regolith, size, and chemical composition. Based on the relationships presented in this paper, lunar impact glasses with compositions and sizes sufficient to have retained 90% of their radiogenic Ar during 750 Ma of cosmic ray exposure at time-integrated temperatures of up to 290 K have been identified and are likely to have yielded reliable 40Ar/39Ar ages of formation. Additionally, ~50% of the identified impact glass spheres have formation ages of <500 Ma, while ~75% of the identified lunar impact glass shards and spheres have ages of formation <2000 Ma. The observed age-frequency distribution of lunar impact glasses may reflect two processes: (i) diminished preservation due to spontaneous shattering with age; and (ii) preservation of a remnant population of impact glasses from the tail end of the terminal lunar bombardment having 40Ar/39Ar ages up to 3800 Ma. A protocol is described for selecting and analyzing lunar impact glasses.Comment: Please contact Zellner ([email protected]) for data tables and other supplemental informatio

Synthesis of Chiral Bisoxazoline Ligands: (3aR,3a'R,8aS,8a'S)-2,2'-(cyclopropane-1,1-diyl)bis(3a,8a-dihydro-8H-indeno[1,2-d]oxazole)

A. Bis((3aR,8aS)-3a,8a-dihydro-8H-indeno[1,2-d]oxazol-2-yl)methane (3) . An oven-dried 2-L three-necked, round-bottomed flask equipped with a 6.5 cm × 2.0 cm Teflon-coated elliptical stir bar is fitted with a thermometer, a reflux condenser and a rubber septum. The system is connected to a continuous nitrogen flow and then charged with (1R,2S)-(+)-cis-1-amino-2-indanol (1, 22.2 g, 149 mmol, 2.1 equiv), diethyl malonimidate dihydrochloride (2, 16.4 g, 71 mmol, 1 equiv), and 1 L of dichloromethane (Note 2). The system is heated to 45 °C (internal temperature 43 °C) under an atmosphere of nitrogen in an oil bath for 18 h, stirring at 600 rpm. Reaction progress is monitored by ¹H NMR (Note 3) (Figure 1)

Evidence-Based Reading Instruction for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Legislation mandates that all children, including children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), be taught to read in ways that are consistent with reading research and target the five components of evidence-based reading instruction: phonemic awareness, phonics, reading fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension strategies. This review synthesized the literature on reading instruction for children with ASD that encompassed one or more of the five components of reading. The review included 11 studies with 61 participants ages 4 to 17 years. Results indicated that children with ASD can benefit from reading instruction consistent with reading research. Research in this area is still preliminary, and more research is needed to guide practice. Possible directions for future research are provided