22 research outputs found
Spotlight on Differentially Expressed Genes in Urinary Bladder Cancer
INTRODUCTION: We previously identified common differentially expressed (DE) genes in bladder cancer (BC). In the present study we analyzed in depth, the expression of several groups of these DE genes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples from 30 human BCs and their adjacent normal tissues were analyzed by whole genome cDNA microarrays, qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Our attention was focused on cell-cycle control and DNA damage repair genes, genes related to apoptosis, signal transduction, angiogenesis, as well as cellular proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Four publicly available GEO Datasets were further analyzed, and the expression data of the genes of interest (GOIs) were compared to those of the present study. The relationship among the GOI was also investigated. GO and KEGG molecular pathway analysis was performed to identify possible enrichment of genes with specific biological themes. RESULTS: Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data revealed a clear distinction in BC vs. control samples and low vs. high grade tumors. Genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in BC vs. controls, as well as in non-muscle invasive vs. muscle invasive tumors and in low vs. high grade tumors, were identified and ranked. Specific attention was paid to the changes in osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) expression, due to its multiple biological functions. Similarly, genes exhibiting equal or low expression in BC vs. the controls were scored. Significant pair-wise correlations in gene expression were scored. GO analysis revealed the multi-facet character of the GOIs, since they participate in a variety of mechanisms, including cell proliferation, cell death, metabolism, cell shape, and cytoskeletal re-organization. KEGG analysis revealed that the most significant pathway was that of Bladder Cancer (p = 1.5×10(-31)). CONCLUSIONS: The present work adds to the current knowledge on molecular signature identification of BC. Such works should progress in order to gain more insight into disease molecular mechanisms
Statins and prostate cancer: Molecular and clinical aspects
The field of the potential applications of
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors
(statins) beyond their unambiguous cardiovascular beneficial effects is
steadily increasing. In this regard, statins have also been shown to
possess anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and growth
inhibitory properties. Regarding their role in carcinogenesis, both
preclinical and clinical studies report conflicting results.
Intriguingly, accumulating evidence suggests that statins may relate to
decreased prostate cancer incidence and recurrence risk. However, data
from clinical studies seem to be still weak and are confounded by
several factors. Nonetheless, preclinical data suggest that statins
might exert a chemopreventive role against prostate cancer by inhibiting
the proliferation and inducing apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and
also inhibiting angiogenesis, inflammation and metastasis. Cholesterol
lowering as well as statin pleiotropy through inhibition of the
synthesis of isoprenoids have both been implicated in their anticancer
properties. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical
evidence supporting the preventive or potentially harmful effects of
statins on prostate tumourigenesis and conclude that statins should not
be recommended for the prevention of prostate cancer development or
progression based on the current data. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights
reserved
The implication of initial 24-core transrectal prostate biopsy protocol on the detection of significant prostate cancer and high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia
PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia by using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group B) protocols. Men were stratified according to biopsy protocol and PSA levels. Exclusion criteria were age = 75 years and PSA > 20 ng/mL. The Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Between April 2007 and August 2009, 869 men underwent TRUS prostate biopsies of which 379 were eligible for the study. Group A (10-cores) consisted of 243 (64.11%) men and group B (24-cores) included 139 (35.89%) men. The overall prostate cancer detection rate was 39.09% and 34.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p = 0.43). An overall 9.8% increase in Gleason 7 detection rate was found in Group B (p = 0.24). The high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) detection rate in men with negative initial biopsies was 15.54% and 35.55% in Group A and B, respectively (p < 0.001). In patients with PSA < 10 ng/mL, the 24-core technique increased Gleason 7 detection rate by 13.4 % (p = 0.16) and HGPIN by 23.4% (p = 0.0008), compared to the 10 core technique. The 24-core technique increased the concordance between needle biopsy and prostatectomy specimen compared to 10-core technique (p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The initial 24-core prostate biopsy protocol did not show any benefit in the detection of prostate cancer compared to the 10-core technique. However, it improved the HGPIN detection and the correlation between biopsy results and radical prostatectomy Gleason score in men with lower PSA levels
Spotlight on Differentially Expressed Genes in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Introduction: We previously identified common differentially expressed
(DE) genes in bladder cancer (BC). In the present study we analyzed in
depth, the expression of several groups of these DE genes.
Materials and Methods: Samples from 30 human BCs and their adjacent
normal tissues were analyzed by whole genome cDNA microarrays, qRT-PCR
and Western blotting. Our attention was focused on cell-cycle control
and DNA damage repair genes, genes related to apoptosis, signal
transduction, angiogenesis, as well as cellular proliferation, invasion
and metastasis. Four publicly available GEO Datasets were further
analyzed, and the expression data of the genes of interest (GOIs) were
compared to those of the present study. The relationship among the GOI
was also investigated. GO and KEGG molecular pathway analysis was
performed to identify possible enrichment of genes with specific
biological themes.
Results: Unsupervised cluster analysis of DNA microarray data revealed a
clear distinction in BC vs. control samples and low vs. high grade
tumors. Genes with at least 2-fold differential expression in BC vs.
controls, as well as in non-muscle invasive vs. muscle invasive tumors
and in low vs. high grade tumors, were identified and ranked. Specific
attention was paid to the changes in osteopontin (OPN, SPP1) expression,
due to its multiple biological functions. Similarly, genes exhibiting
equal or low expression in BC vs. the controls were scored. Significant
pair-wise correlations in gene expression were scored. GO analysis
revealed the multi-facet character of the GOIs, since they participate
in a variety of mechanisms, including cell proliferation, cell death,
metabolism, cell shape, and cytoskeletal re-organization. KEGG analysis
revealed that the most significant pathway was that of Bladder Cancer (p
= 1.5x10(-31)).
Conclusions: The present work adds to the current knowledge on molecular
signature identification of BC. Such works should progress in order to
gain more insight into disease molecular mechanisms