1,020 research outputs found
Thermal expansion and pressure effect in MnWO4
MnWO4 has attracted attention because of its ferroelectric property induced
by frustrated helical spin order. Strong spin-lattice interaction is necessary
to explain ferroelectricity associated with this type of magnetic order.We have
conducted thermal expansion measurements along the a, b, c axes revealing the
existence of strong anisotropic lattice anomalies at T1=7.8 K, the temperature
of the magnetic lock-in transition into a commensurate low-temperature
(reentrant paraelectric) phase. The effect of hydrostatic pressure up to 1.8
GPa on the FE phase is investigated by measuring the dielectric constant and
the FE polarization. The low- temperature commensurate and paraelectric phase
is stabilized and the stability range of the ferroelectric phase is diminished
under pressure.Comment: 2 pages, 3 figures. SCES conference proceedings, houston, TX, 2007.
to be published in Physica
Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Multiferroic Hexagonal RMnO3 (R=Er, Yb, Tm, and Ho)
The magnetic phase diagrams of RMnO3 (R = Er, Yb, Tm, Ho) are investigated up
to 14 Tesla via magnetic and dielectric measurements. The stability range of
the AFM order below the Neel temperature of the studied RMnO3 extends to far
higher magnetic fields than previously assumed. Magnetic irreversibility
indicating the presence of a spontaneous magnetic moment is found near 50 K for
R=Er, Yb, and Tm. At very low temperatures and low magnetic fields the phase
boundary defined by the ordering of the rare earth moments is resolved. The
sizable dielectric anomalies observed along all phase boundaries are evidence
for strong spin-lattice coupling in the hexagonal RMnO3. In HoMnO3 the strong
magnetoelastic distortions are investigated in more detail via magnetostriction
experiments up to 14 Tesla. The results are discussed based on existing data on
magnetic symmetries and the interactions between the Mn-spins, the rare earth
moments, and the lattice.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, to be published in JMR's Aug. focus issue on
multiferroic
CORRELATING WRITER’S BLOCK AND ESL LEARNERS’ WRITING QUALITY
Despite the importance of writing in the language learners’ development, there are difficulties faced by English as a Second Language (ESL) learners that stem from various factors. One of them is the presence of writer’s block that could affect writing quality. Therefore, this study aims to describe writer’s block, along with a statistically-laden analysis of the possible correlation between the blocking experiences of 55 Filipino ESL learners and the levels of easability and readability of the essays they had written.  This research employed a descriptive-correlational design using The Questionnaire in Identifying Writer’s Block (QIWB) to gauge the extent of occurrence of writer’s block and the Coh-Metrix Common Core Text Easability and Readability Assessor (hereafter Coh-Metrix T.E.R.A.), an online computational tool, to measure the levels of easability and readability of the essays. The result shows that the learners generally experienced writer’s block, and their essays collectively showed high levels of easability on the basis of narrativity, referential cohesion, and deep cohesion. However, the essays were low in syntactic simplicity and word concreteness, while the level of readability computed exceeded that of the reading ability of 10th-grade learners. Test of correlation revealed that there exists negligible relationship between writer’s block and the overall easability and readability levels of the essays, though a significant but a weak relationship was documented between lateness and word concreteness and with premature editing and deep cohesion, respectively
Effect of dietary citric acid and microbial phytase on the growth performance of broiler chickens
Feed additives are one of the most essential parts of broiler production. Feed additives such as citric acid and microbial phytase are usually used separately despite the theory that they can work together. In this study, 320 broiler birds were reared and then fed four different treatments. 10 birds were reared per pen and there were 8 replications per treatment. The birds were reared using normal broiler management and health management protocols. The growth parameters and mortalities were recorded after each growth period. Production cost and the market price during the duration of the experiment were used to assess profitability. Out of all the treatments, the combination of the citric acid and microbial phytase gave the highest body weight, weight gain, second-lowest feed intake, best feed conversion ratio, and the highest profitability. Results indicated that there is a synergistic interaction with the combination of 3% citric acid and 500 U/kg microbial phytases. The concurrent supplementation produced a significant increase in the growth parameters and profitability
Benefits of Green Seaweed as Protein Source for Broiler: A Review
Poultry production contributes significantly to the agricultural economy. Nutrition is one important factor in having competent poultry production. Currently, there is a lot of research about natural alternatives or feed additives that are low in cost and can help increase the overall performance and improve poultry health conditions without any adverse effects. Macroalgae such as green seaweeds can meet these parameters. It is easily available and is considered a rich source of proteins, polysaccharides, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, pigments, and antioxidants. Most often, seaweeds are used as feed additives for broiler chickens as they can induce a beneficial impact on production parameters (body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), feed consumption (FC), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and meat quality. However, there are several challenges in using green seaweed as a protein alternative for broiler chickens such as its toxic and antinutritional components, as well as varying available supply due to seasonal effects, diseases, location, and environmental pollution. Furthermore, the main objective of this review is to evaluate the different research conducted on green seaweed as a potential protein source in broilers
Strong spin-lattice coupling in multiferroic HoMnO: Thermal expansion anomalies and pressure effect
Evidence for a strong spin-lattice coupling in multiferroic HoMnO_3 is
derived from thermal expansion measurements along a- and c-axis. The
magnetoelastic effect results in sizable anomalies of the thermal expansivities
at the antiferromagnetic (T_N) and the spin rotation (T_{SR}) transition
temperatures as well as in a negative c-axis expansivity below room
temperature. The coupling between magnetic orders and dielectric properties
below T_N is explained by the lattice strain induced by the magnetoelastic
effect. At T_{SR} various physical quantities show discontinuities that are
thermodynamically consistent with a first order phase transition
Low temperature dielectric anomalies in HoMnO_3: The complex phase diagram
The dielectric constant of multiferroic hexagonal HoMnO_3 exhibits an
unprecedented diversity of anomalies at low temperatures (1.8 K< T <10 K) and
under external magnetic fields related to magnetic phase transitions in the
coupled system of Ho moments, Mn spins, and ferroelectric polarization. The
derived phase diagram is far more complex than previously assumed including
reentrant phases, phase transitions with distinct thermal and field hysteresis,
as well as several multicritical points. Magnetoelastic interactions introduce
lattice anomalies at the magnetic phase transitions. The re-evaluation of the
T-H phase diagram of HoMnO_3 is demanded.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagram of Multiferroic
The pressure-temperature phase diagram of multiferroic is
investigated for hydrostatic pressures up to 2 GPa. The stability range of the
ferroelectric phase associated with the incommensurate helical spin order is
reduced by pressure and ferroelectricity is completely suppressed at the
critical pressure of 1.64 GPa at 6.2 K. Thermal expansion measurements at
ambient pressure show strong step-like anomalies of the lattice parameters
associated with the lock-in transition into the commensurate paraelectric
phase. The expansion anomalies are highly anisotropic, the related volume
change is consistent with the high-pressure phase diagram
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