Agronomic effects of three cultivation techniques (conventional, integrated and organic) on yield of sweet pepper under greenhouse cultivation

[SPA] El cultivo del pimiento en el Campo de Cartagena tiene una estructura eminentemente familiar, con gran número de pequeños productores y elevados requerimientos de mano de obra. Con el objetivo de conocer el comportamiento productivo de tres técnicas de cultivo (ecológico, integrado y convencional), se diseñó un experimento en el año 2005, bajo un invernadero de 640 m2 en el que se ensayó una plantación de pimiento híbrido tipo “Lamuyo”, var. ´Almuden´, utilizando ocho lisímetros y aplicando unas mismas dosis de riego y labores culturales. Se ensayaron distintos aportes de abonado mineral, que se han denominado T-E (tratamiento ecológico), T-I (tratamiento integrado) y T-C (tratamiento convencional). Los resultados obtenidos confirmaron que la producción total acumulada en el cultivo integrado (T-I), dónde llegó a los 11,37 kg/m2 y 62,05 frutos/m2, fue significativamente superior a los otros dos tratamientos estudiados. Entre T-E y T-C no se observó diferencias significativas, obteniéndose 8,80 kg/m2 y 52,21 frutos/m2 en T-E y 9,29 kg/m2 y 48,64 frutos/m2 en T-C. El T-I fue el que obtuvo mejores resultados en rendimiento, número de frutos y mayores calibres. Se concluye que una única aplicación de estiércol, ayudada con aportes moderados de abono mineral optimiza la producción de este cultivo. [ENG] Cultivation of sweet pepper in Campo de Cartagena has a family structure, with many small producers and high labor requirements. In order to investigate yield response of three cultivation techniques (organic, integrated and conventional), an experiment was designed in 2005 in a greenhouse of 640 m2 in which sweet pepper "Lamuyo" type var. 'Almuden' was studied. The same irrigation dosage was applied in each cultural practice, which was monitored in eight lysimeters. Different contributions of mineral fertilizer, which have been called TE (organic treatment), TI (integrated treatment) and TC (conventional treatment), were tested. The results confirm that the total accumulated yield in the integrated treatment (TI), (11.37 kg/m2 and 62.05 fruits/m2) was significantly higher than the other two treatments studied. No significant differences between TE and TC were observed (TE: 8.80 kg/m2 and 52.21 fruits/m2; TC: 9.29 kg/m2 and 48.64 fruits/m2). TI treatment was the best cultivation technique as produced higher yield, number of fruits and larger sizes. We conclude that a single application of manure with a moderate supply of mineral fertilizer can optimize the yield of this crop.El presente proyecto ha sido financiado por el Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria dentro del Programa Nacional de Recursos y Tecnologías Agrarias en Cooperación con la Comunidad Autónoma de la Región de Murcia. Se agradece la cesión del invernadero para los ensayos al C.I.F.E.A. de Torre-Pacheco

Improvement of yield and quality fruit in water stressed through selection of pepper rootstocks

[SPA] La reducción del agua disponible en el Sureste español está obligando a buscar alternativas que palien dichas disminuciones. En este trabajo se han estudiado los efectos de tres portainjertos comerciales (Atlante, Creonte y Terrano) sobre la respuesta agronómica y fisiológica de una variedad comercial de pimiento (cv Herminio) sometido a riego deficitario (50% de la capacidad de campo). Creonte produjo las plantas más productivas y eficientes en el uso del agua, registró la mayor actividad fotosintética y contenido de agua en las hojas, y el área foliar y la biomasa más estables bajo estrés hídrico. Atlante es un portainjertos vegetativo vigoroso y Terrano es más bien un portainjertos enano-reproductivo que produce plantas compactas eficientes sin efectos negativos en la calidad de la fruta. [ENG] The reduction of the water available in the southeastern Spanish is forcing to look for alternatives that alleviate these decreases. The effects of three commercial rootstocks (Atlante, Creonte and Terrano) on the agronomical and physiological responses of a commercial sweet pepper variety (cv Herminio) subject to deficit irrigation (50% of field capacity) have been studied. Although the three rootstocks increased total and marketable yield under control and deficit irrigation. Creonte produced the most productive and efficient plants in the use of water, recorded the highest photosynthetic activity and water content in the leaves, and the foliar area and biomass more stable under water stress. Atlante is a vigorous vegetative rootstock and Terrano is rather a dwarfing-reproductive rootstock that produces efficient compact plants without negative effects on fruit quality

Physiological responses induced by different rootstocks against the infestation of Meloidogyne incognita in a greenhouse pepper crop

[SPA] En los invernaderos de pimiento del Campo de Cartagena (Murcia) Meloidogyne incognita está ampliamente distribuido y tras la eliminación del bromuro de metilo, se ha convertido en un problema emergente en más del 40% de los invernaderos. El uso de porta-injertos resistentes ha demostrado ser una técnica viable para lidiar con Meloidogyne incognita en varios cultivos (tomate, melón, sandía, etc.). Sin embargo, se ha investigado poco acerca del efecto fisiológico y nutricional del pimiento cultivado en invernadero en condiciones de clima mediterráneo. Por lo tanto, estudiamos una variedad susceptible (Gacela) injertada en porta-injertos resistentes (C19, C25 y RT17), y la comparamos con las plantas no injertadas y autoinjertadas (GAL). Los fenoles totales y carotenoides se vieron afectados significativamente, al igual que el perfil de aminoácidos. Estos resultados proporcionan nuevos conocimientos en los rasgos que pueden identificar porta-injertos resistentes a nematodos, y por lo tanto nuevas herramientas para inducir resistencia, mientras que evitamos el uso de desinfectantes de suelo. [ENG] In the pepper greenhouses of Campo de Cartagena (Murcia) Meloidogyne incognita is widely distributed and after the elimination of methyl bromide, it has become an emerging problem in more than 40% of greenhouses. The use of resistant rootstocks has proved to be a viable technique for dealing with Meloidogyne incognita in several crops (tomato, melon, watermelon, etc.). However, little research has been done on the physiological and nutritional effect of pepper grown in greenhouses under Mediterranean climate conditions. Therefore, we studied a susceptible variety (Gacela) grafted on resistant rootstocks (C19, C25 and RT17), and compared it with non-grafted and autografted (GAL) plants. Total phenols and carotenoids were significantly affected, as was the amino acid profile. These results provide new insights into traits that can identify nematode-resistant rootstocks, and therefore new tools to induce resistance, while avoiding the use of soil disinfectants

The implication of sucrose metabolism in the rootstock- mediated contrasting growth and yield responses of pepper plants subjected to salinity stress

[ESP] La tecnología del injerto modifica el balance reproductivo de plantas, que está controlado por el flujo de fotoasimilados hacia los frutos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del injerto sobre la tasa de hidrólisis de sacarosa en frutos de plantas de pimiento sometidas a estrés salino. En condiciones salinas, las concentraciones de glucosa y fructosa disminuyeron significativamente en plantas injertadas sobre Terrano, que indica una mayor utilización en los órganos sumidero por su alta tasa reproductiva. Sin embargo, en plantas injertadas sobre Atlante, con una menor tasa reproductiva, se produjo una acumulación de sacarosa en condiciones salinas, que podría ser debida a una ralentización de su actividad sacarolítica. Por tanto, existen respuestas diferenciales en el metabolismo de la sacarosa de frutos de plantas de pimiento sometidas a estrés salino, que podrían explicar las diferencias de desarrollo asociadas al tipo de portainjerto utilizado. [ENG] Grafting technology modifies the reproductive balance of plants, which is controlled by the flow of photoassimilates to the fruits. The objective of this work was to study the effect of grafting on the rate of sucrose hydrolysis in fruits of pepper plants subjected to salt stress. Under saline conditions, glucose and fructose concentrations decreased significantly in plants grafted on Terrano, which indicates a higher utilization in the sink organs due to its high reproductive rate. However, in plants grafted onto Atlante, with a lower reproductive rate, there was an accumulation of sucrose in saline conditions, which could be due to a slowdown in its saccharolytic activity. Therefore, there are differential responses in the metabolism of sucrose in the fruits of pepper plants subjected to salt stress, which could explain the differences in development associated with the type of rootstock used

Respuesta a la salinidad en los cultivos sin suelo de melón (Cucumis melo L.) y tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) / Francisco Moisés del Amor Saavedra ; directores Antonio Cerdá Cerdá, Vicente Martínez López.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia.Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. DEPOSITO. T.M-1963.CRAI CIENCIAS. DEPOSITO. T.D. 407

Use of almond shell and almond hull as substrates for sweet pepper cultivation. Effects on fruit yield and mineral content

The use of almond by products as substrate in greenhouses for growing vegetables has a great economic interest. The objective of this work was to assess the use of two almond by-products (almond shell-AS and almond hull-AH), which had been previously conditioned without composting, as substrates for pepper (cv. Caprino F1) production and to study their effects on the yield, fruit size, and fruit mineral content. Physical, physico-chemical, and chemical characteristics of the almond by-products were determined both initially and during the pepper growing season. Initially, all values of the parameters studied �except sulfur and iron� differed significantly between the two substrates. During cultivation, the 18 substrate parameters and variables tested �except bulk density� exhibited significant variations with time for AS; the same occurred for AH, exceptions being pH, total nitrogen Nt, N-NH4, bulk density, and manganese. The changes in both substrates for the K, N, and S concentrations were significant. The nutrient levels in AH were higher than for AS. The almond shell and almond hull substrates produced slight decreases in total fruit yield with respect to the control (0.79 and 3.22 for AS and AH, respectively), with a lesser decrease for AS, due to reductions in the number of fruits per plant rather than to reductions in individual fruit weight. The plants grown on the AS and AH substrates showed a decrease in total fruit yield, due to reductions in the number of fruits per plant rather than reductions in individual fruit weight