Analysis of cd44 expression in oral cancer tissue

Oral cancer is the sixth most frequently occurring cancer worldwide. The recurrence of oral cancer purported to Cancer Stem cells. Prospective identification, characterization, and isolation of markers is an important aspect in the potential identification and isolation of CSCs. CD44, a hyaluronic acid receptor, is one of the most commonly studied surface markers, which is expressed by almost every tumour cell. The expression of CD44 in oral cancer tissue was analysed by using immunohistochemical technique. Three different groups of oral cancer tissue were taken i.e. well differentiated, moderately differentiated, & poorly differentiated. The poorly differentiated tissue have high metastasis properties so the expression of the marker is very high on those tissues as compare two other two. From the IHC study we found that the CD44 stem cell marker is highly expressed in poorly differentiated oral cancer tissue, moderately expressed in moderately differentiated tissue and the expression profile is relatively low in well differentiated oral cancer tissue

The economic synthesis of pyridinium fluorochromate(VI), C<SUB>5</SUB>H<SUB>5</SUB>NH[CrO<SUB>3</SUB>F] (PFC), and solvent-free oxidation of organic substrates with PFC

A 1:1:1 stoichiometric reaction among CrO3, aqueous HF and pyridine affords orange crystalline pyridinium fluorochromate(VI), C5H5NH[CrO3F] (PFC), in 99.2% isolated yield. The reagent under solvent-free conditions readily converts benzylic, secondary, and allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyls and selectively oxidizes secondary alcohols in the presence of primary alcohols, polycyclic hydrocarbons to cyclic ketones, benzoin to benzil, PPh3 to O=PPh3, methylphenyl sulfide to sulfoxide, cyclohexanone oxime to cyclohexanone, an allylic &#916;5-steroid to the corresponding &#945;,&#946;-unsaturated ketone and deprotects dioxolanes and dithiolanes to aldehydes; the economic synthesis of PFC, its ease of reaction without solvent, versatility, and high isolated yields of the products are the significant features of the protocol

Associations between community health workers' home visits and education-based inequalities in institutional delivery and perinatal mortality in rural Uttar Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study

INTRODUCTION: India's National Health Mission has trained community health workers called Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) to visit and counsel women before and after birth. Little is known about the extent to which exposure to ASHAs' home visits has reduced perinatal health inequalities as intended. This study aimed to examine whether ASHAs' third trimester home visits may have contributed to equitable improvements in institutional delivery and reductions in perinatal mortality rates (PMRs) between women with varying education levels in Uttar Pradesh (UP) state, India. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey data were collected from a representative sample of 52 615 women who gave birth in the preceding 2 months in rural areas of 25 districts of UP in 2014-2015. We analysed the data using generalised linear modelling to examine the associations between exposure to home visits and education-based inequalities in institutional delivery and PMRs. RESULTS: Third trimester home visits were associated with higher institutional delivery rates, in particular public facility delivery rates (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.34), and to a lesser extent private facility delivery rates (aRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.13), after adjusting for confounders. Associations were stronger among women with lower education levels. Having no compared with any third trimester home visits was associated with higher perinatal mortality (aRR 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.28). Having any versus no visits was more highly associated with lower perinatal mortality among women with lower education levels than those with the most education, and most notably among public facility births. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that ASHAs' home visits in the third trimester contributed to equitable improvements in institutional deliveries and lower PMRs, particularly within the public sector. Broader strategies must reinforce the role of ASHAs' home visits in reaching the sustainable development goals of improving maternal and newborn health and leaving no one behind

Kanamycin-Mediated Conformational Dynamics of Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Protein TolC.

TolC is a member of the outer membrane efflux proteins (OEPs) family and acts as an exit duct to export proteins, antibiotics, and substrate molecules across the Escherichia coli cell membrane. Export of these molecules is evidenced to be brought about through the reversible interactions and binding of substrate-specific drug molecules or antibiotics with TolC and by being open for transport, which afterward leads to cross-resistance. Hence, the binding of kanamycin with TolC was monitored through molecular docking (MD), the structural fluctuations and conformational changes to the atomic level. The results were further supported from the steady-state fluorescence binding and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies. Binding of kanamycin with TolC resulted in a concentration dependent fluorescence intensity quenching with 7 nm blue shift. ITC binding data maintains a single binding site endothermic energetic curve with binding parameters indicating an entropy driven binding process. The confirmational changes resulting from this binding were monitored by a circular dichroism (CD) study, and the results showed insignificant changes in the α-helix and β-sheets secondary structure contents, but the tertiary structure shows inclusive changes in the presence of kanamycin. The experimental data substaintially correlates the RMSD, R g, and RMSF results. The resulting conformational changes of the TolC-kanamycin complexation was stabilized through H-bonding and other interactions

High Throughput Deep Sequencing Reveals the Important Roles of MicroRNAs During Sweetpotato Storage at Chilling Temperature

Sweetpotato (Impomoea batatas L.) is a globally important economic food crop with a potential of becoming a bioenergy and pharmaceutical crop. Thus, studying the molecular mechanism of tuberous root development and storage is very important. However, not too much progress has been made in this field. In this study, we employed the next generation high-throughput deep sequencing technology to sequence all small RNAs and degradome of sweetpotato for systematically investigating sweetpotato response to chilling stress during storage. A total of 190 known microRNAs (miRNAs) and 191 novel miRNAs were identified, and 428 transcripts were targeted by 184 identified miRNAs. More importantly, we identified 26 miRNAs differentially expressed between chilling stress and control conditions. The expression of these miRNAs and their targets was also confirmed by qRT- PCR. Integrated analysis of small RNAs and degradome sequencing reveals that miRNA-mediated SA signaling, ABA-dependent, and ROS response pathways are involved in sweetpotato root response to chilling stress during storage

HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ENDOCRINE CELLS IN VARIOUS REGION OF DIGESTIVE TRACT OF BUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)

The histomorphology of enteroendocrine cells were studied in different segments of gastrointestinal tract of six adult buffalo. Depending upon the histomorphological study, the enteroendocrine cells were divided into 7 different types viz. oval cell (type I), pyriform cell (type II), spherical or rounded cell (type III), elongated cell (type IV), pyramidal cell (typeV), spindle cell (type VI) and large oblong cell (type VII). Further the granulation pattern of the cell types were noted as basal granulation, dense granulation, peripheral granulation and diffuse granulation.The endocrine cells revealed differential staining character with each of the stain (Masson-Haemperl argentaffin reaction, Grimelius silver technique, Ferric ferricyanide reduction reaction, Lead haematoxylin) employed in the present study depending upon their physiological status

The selective solid-phase oxidation of alcohols and other organic substrates by 3,5-dimethylpyrazolium fluorochromate

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Mechanistic Insight into the Defect-Engineered White Light Emission from the Single-Phase Orthovanadate Phosphor Synthesized by a Facile Rapid Microwave-Assisted Synthesis

The synthesis of single-phase barium orthovanadate phosphors by a one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach has been reported, wherein the homogeneous thermal zone generated at the molecular level by microwave radiation gives rise to tunable distortion in the tetrahedral VO4–3 and oxygen vacancies, eventually enabling intrinsic white light emission with CIE of 0.31,0.38, high photoluminescence internal quantum efficiency of 35%, and external quantum efficiency of 28% whereas phosphor synthesized by the hydrothermal route exhibits only bluish-green emission (PLQE: 0.5%). The Rietveld refinement confirms the formation of a single trigonal phase having dissimilar V–O bond lengths and bond angles, implying the formation of a distorted phosphor under optimized conditions, and corroborates with Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis reveal that the origin of white light emission is due to short- and long-range defects, in particular the oxygen vacancies, which eventually form an intermediate energy level in the forbidden region between the valence and conduction bands. Lifetime spectra show triexponential fitting, corresponding to two charge transfer blue and green emission bands (3T2, 3T1 to 1A1) and one oxygen vacancy-related red emission at RT. Furthermore, these phosphors are thermally stable, as no change in the structure or emission characteristics are observed. A prototype fabricated using a 365 nm chip exhibits white-light-emission CIE of 0.353,0.392, correlated color temperature of 4867 K, color rendering index of 85, and high luminous efficacy of 102 lm/W at 140 mA operating current, portentous for practical applications