3,236 research outputs found
On Commutative Rings Whose Prime Ideals Are Direct Sums of Cyclics
In this paper we study commutative rings whose prime ideals are direct
sums of cyclic modules. In the case is a finite direct product of
commutative local rings, the structure of such rings is completely described.
In particular, it is shown that for a local ring , the following
statements are equivalent: (1) Every prime ideal of is a direct sum of
cyclic -modules; (2)
and is a principal ideal ring for each ;(3) Every prime ideal of is a direct sum of at most
cyclic -modules; and (4) Every prime ideal of is a summand of a direct
sum of cyclic -modules. Also, we establish a theorem which state that, to
check whether every prime ideal in a Noetherian local ring is a
direct sum of (at most ) principal ideals, it suffices to test only the
maximal ideal .Comment: 9 Page
THE RELATIONSHIP OF MARITAL ADJUSTMENT AND SEXUAL FUNCTION WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING TREATMENT IN INFERTILE WOMEN
Abstract. Infertility is one of the most importantissues of reproductive health that has prominent effects on
psychological and social aspects of couple's life. Infertility causes women’s concern about their sexual
attractiveness and also their physical and mental health, It is even possible that using assisted reproductive
technologies have negative effects on women’s feelings of the sexual values and marital relationships. This
study therefore aimed to investigate the relationship of marital adjustment and sexual function with
psychological factors affecting treatment in infertile women in 2013 in Mashhad, Iran. This correlational study
was performed on 130 infertile women referred to Montaserie Infertility Research Center, Mashhad who
selected using convenient sampling. Research tools were consisted of demographic questionnaires including
personal and infertility-related information, and valid and reliable ROSEN Female Sexual Function Index
(FSFI),Spanier Marital Adjustment Scale(DAS) and Goldbergand Hillier General Health Questionnaire, which
were completed by the subjects. Data analysis was carried out by SPSS software using t-test,one way ANOVA,
Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. The mean score of awareness of infertility and the length of infertility
treatment were 5.24±4.12 and 4±3.95 years, respectively. The cause of infertility in 46.9% was a female factor
and in 38.7% a male factor. General health in 49.2% of the infertile women were good. 54.6% of the infertile
women had poor sexual function and 76.9% had high maritaladjustment. There was a direct correlation between
sexual function and marital adjustment with general health in infertile women (P<0.001).A
significantrelationship was also seen between sexual function and spouse accompany during treatment (P<0.05).
Also a direct correlation was found between marital adjustment and being hopeful to treatment success and also
spouse accompany during treatment in infertile women (P<0.05). The findings showed that infertile women with
improved sexual function and good marital adjustment will have better mental health and are more hopeful
toinfertility treatment . These results can be incorporated in planning of training and counseling programs,
specially for infertile women who suffer from psychological disorders
Enhancement of broiler performance and immune response by Echinacea purpurea supplemented in diet
The objective of the present study was to compare short and long term application of Echinacea purpurea root powder on growth performance and immunity response of broiler chicks. Three replicate trials involving a total of 600 day-old Ross chicks were used in this study. In each trial, a total of 200 chicks were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Each group consisted of 4 pens with 10 chicks in each pen. The birds in group A received control mash diet during the experiment, but those in groups B and C were given control diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w) E. purpurea root powder, respectively. The chicks in groups D and E received control diet supplemented with 0.1% (w/w) and 0.5% (w/w) E. purpurea root powder, respectively, just for one week and fed control diet afterwards. The results showed that E. purpurea consumption for six weeks changed the total counts of white blood cells (WBCs), number of lymphocytes and heterophils, feed conversation ratio, and antibody titers against newcastle and avian influenza diseases (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result suggests that feeding E. purpurea, particularly for long time, may improve feed conversion, change blood cells number and enhance immunity response in broilers.Key words: Echinacea purpurea, broilers, feed conversion, immunity response
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