Determination of Chemical Composition, and Antiradical and Antimicrobial Capacities of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Ficus johannis Boiss.

Introduction: Ficus johannis Boiss. is a shrubby species in the family Moracae, exclusively found in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. This research studies the total phenolic content, flavonoid concentrations, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of this biologically unknown species. Materials and Methods: The plant materials were gathered from the northern slope of Taftan Mountain in Sistan and Baluchestan, in the summer of 2022. After washing, drying, grinding, and obtaining hydroalcoholic extracts of the fruits and leaves, the quantification of the phenolic and flavonoid concentrations was done spectrophotometrically utilizing the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric techniques. The anti-radical activity of the organs was assayed via the DPPH protocol and their antimicrobial effects were assessed using the broth microdilution and streak plate techniques against six bacterial, and three fungal pathogens. Results: The phenolic compounds were found to be evenly distributed in both leaf and fruit extracts (around 1000 µg GAE/g dry extract) while flavonoids were detected in significantly higher concentrations in the fruit extract (541.17 vs 427.24 µg QrE/g dry extract). The leaf extract was better at scavenging free radicals compared to the fruit extract (IC50 93.79 vs 239.62 μg/ml, respectively), while, both extracts showed higher IC50 values than the positive control. The leaf extract showed better inhibitory effects on the tested microorganisms compared to the fruit extract. The leaf extract was effective against all tested bacteria, whereas, among the investigated fungi, only Aspergillus fumigatus was vulnerable to it. Conversely, the fruit extract was able to prevent the growth of all investigated fungal strains, but only two bacterial strains (Streptococcus pyogenes and Klebsiella pneumonia) were affected by it. Conclusion: The Ficus johannis fruits and leaves are great sources of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with moderate anti-radical capacity. Moreover, the fruit extract mainly contains antifungal ingredients while the leaf extract chiefly includes antibacterial agents

Evaluating the effectiveness of tranexamic acid administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostate hyperplasia patients underwent open prostatectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

Background: Blood loss of postoperative after prostate surgery could be related with an increase in urinary fibrinolytic activity. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is both a potent inhibitor of plasminogen and urokinase activators and a low molecular weight substance that is excreted unchanged in the urinary tract and can be administered both orally and intravenously. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness TXA administration in reducing bleeding in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients who underwent open prostatectomy. Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on patients with BPH who underwent open prostatectomy. The first group received TXA (1 gr IV from during surgery to 48 h after surgery, 3 times/day). Twenty-four hours after surgery, the two groups were compared in terms of bleeding rate. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and platelet (Plt) counts were also assessed before and after the intervention. Results: Intervention and control groups were comparable in terms of basic and baseline values of variables at the beginning of the study (P > 0.05). The mean bleeding volume in TXA group was significantly lower than the control group 112.11 ± 53.5 and 190.00 ± 97.5 CC; P ≤ 0.001). Mean hospitalization (3.28±0.46 vs. 4.38 ± 0.95 days P < 0.001) and surgery duration (98.11 ± 37.11 vs. 128.00 ± 39.12 h; P = 0.001) were significantly lower in TXA group compared to control intervention. Conclusion: According to the findings of the current study, the administration of TXA led to reduce bleeding in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy. Furthermore, the mean Hb, HCT, levels were significantly affected by TXA. TXA treatment approach also can reduce the surgery and hospitalization time effectively. TXA approach is recommended as effective procedure in BPH patients who underwent open prostatectomy