Social Network Developing Process Driven by Conflict in Mass Contingency Events

AbstractTwo evolutionary mechanisms of mass contingency events are discussed, which are the cognition structure and the social network structure of the vulnerable groups and also the important problem in public security engineering of developing country. The paper analyzes the developing process of social network driven by conflict. Because the abundant participants share the expensive protest cost, the opinion leaders or sponsors organize the social network in the vulnerable group to maintain their legitimate rights and interests. The theoretical research shows that the protest strategy is feasible as soon as the social network reaches the minimal numbers. The CHAM strike event in 2010 provides an excellent case to explain the three-phase developing process of mass contingency events and the hiberarchy social network driven by the conflict. Lastly, it makes the simulation analysis about the social network of the CHAM strike under the Netlogo platform, where the simulating result is in accordance with the theoretical analysis

4-[(2-Methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazol-4-yl­idene)meth­yl]phenyl acetate

In the title compound, C13H11NO4, an intramolecular C—H⋯N interaction helps to establish the conformation. In the crystal, two C—H⋯O contacts stack adjacent mol­ecules into a one-dimensional double chain running in the a-axis direction

Structure Evolution of Graphene Oxide during Thermally Driven Phase Transformation: Is the Oxygen Content Really Preserved?

A mild annealing procedure was recently proposed for the scalable enhancement of graphene oxide (GO) properties with the oxygen content preserved, which was demonstrated to be attributed to the thermally driven phase separation. In this work, the structure evolution of GO with mild annealing is closely investigated. It reveals that in addition to phase separation, the transformation of oxygen functionalities also occurs, which leads to the slight reduction of GO membranes and furthers the enhancement of GO properties. These results are further supported by the density functional theory based calculations. The results also show that the amount of chemically bonded oxygen atoms on graphene decreases gradually and we propose that the strongly physisorbed oxygen species constrained in the holes and vacancies on GO lattice might be responsible for the preserved oxygen content during the mild annealing procedure. The present experimental results and calculations indicate that both the diffusion and transformation of oxygen functional groups might play important roles in the scalable enhancement of GO properties

Tackling unemployment in China: state capacity and governance issues

This paper considers China's state capacity and changing governance as revealed through its policies to tackle unemployment. Despite high levels of growth, economic restructuring has resulted in rising unemployment over the last decade. The Chinese state has been able to manage job losses from state enterprises, demonstrating some state capacity in relation to this sector and some persistent command economy governance mechanisms. However both design and implementation of policies to compensate and assist particular groups among the unemployed have been shaped by weak state capacity in several other areas. First, capacity to gather accurate employment data is limited, meaning local and central governments do not have a good understanding of the extent and nature of unemployment. Second, the sustainability of supposedly mandatory unemployment insurance schemes is threatened by poor capacity to enforce participation. Third, poor central state capacity to ensure local governments implement policies effectively leads to poor unemployment insurance fund capacity, resulting in provision for only a narrow segment of the unemployed and low quality employment services. Although the adoption of unemployment insurance (and its extension to employers and employees in the private sector), the introduction of a Labour Contract Law in 2007, and the delivery of employment services by private businesses indicate a shift towards the use of new governance mechanisms based on entitlement, contract and private sector delivery of public-sector goods, that shift is undermined by poor state capacity in relation to some of these new mechanisms

Effect of sulfur on enhancing nitrogen-doping and magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes

Sulfur (S) is introduced as an additive in the growth atmosphere of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the range of 940-1020°C. CNT products with distorted sidewalls can be obtained by S-assisted growth. Moreover, many fascinating CNT structures can also be found in samples grown with S addition, such as bamboo-like CNTs, twisted CNTs, arborization-like CNTs, and bead-like CNTs. Compared with CNTs grown without S, more nitrogen-doping content is achieved in CNTs with S addition, which is beneficial for the properties and applications of nitrogen-doped CNTs. In addition, S can also enhance the encapsulation of ferromagnetic materials and thus improve the soft magnetic properties of CNTs, which is favorable to the applications of CNTs in the electromagnetic wave-absorbing and magnetic data storage areas

Strong, conductive carbon nanotube fibers as efficient hole collectors

We present the photovoltaic properties of heterojunctions made from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) fibers and n-type silicon wafers. The use of the opaque SWNT fiber allows photo-generated holes to transport along the axis direction of the fiber. The heterojunction solar cells show conversion efficiencies of up to 3.1% (actual) and 10.6% (nominal) at AM1.5 condition. In addition, the use of strong, environmentally benign carbon nanotube fibers provides excellent structural stability of the photovoltaic devices

Choroidal thickness and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese school-age children with high hyperopia using optical coherence tomography

BackgroundThe current study was to evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT) and vascular microstructure parameters in Chinese children with high hyperopia through enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT).MethodsCross-sectional study. A total of 23 children with high hyperopia and 29 children with normal refractive status were retrospectively enrolled in the study. The measurement of the macular CT, 7 points: the sub-foveal area point, the temporal and nasal points at a radius of 0.5-mm, 1.5-mm, and 3-mm were measured. After binarization of the OCT images, the total choroidal area (TCA), stromal area (SA) as well as the luminal area (LA) were identified and measured. The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was defined as the ratio of LA to TCA. The independent t-test for normal distributions and Kruskal-Wallis tests for non-normal distributions were used to compare other parameters between groups. The Tamhane's T2 test was performed to adjust for multiple comparisons between groups within each analysis.ResultsThe subfoveal CT (SFCT) in the high hypermetropic group was significantly thicker than that in normal controls (309.22 ± 53.14 μm vs. 291.27 ± 38.27 μm; P = 0.019). At 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm, and 3.0 mm in diameter, the nasal choroidal sectors of the high hyperopia eyes were significantly thicker than that of the control (P < 0.05). There was significant difference in the choroidal vascular parameters. TCA and LA in the high hyperopia eyes was significantly larger than that of the normal control eyes (3078129.54 ± 448271.18 μm2 vs. 2765218.17 ± 317827.19 μm2, 1926819.54 ± 229817.56 μm2 vs. 1748817.18 ± 191827.98 μm2; P = 0.009, P = 0.011; Table 2). SA values were 1086287.55 ± 212712.11 um2 in the high hyperopia eyes and 999712.71 ± 209838.12 μm2 in the control eyes. The CVI and LA/SA ratio values were differed significantly in the two groups (P = 0.019, P = 0.030, respectively). AL was significantly correlated with SFCT (r = −0.325, P = 0.047), but not significantly correlated with other parameters. Spherical equivalent (SE) was significantly correlated with AL and SFCT (r = −0.711, r = 0.311; P = 0.001, P = 0.016), whereas no significant association between sphere and other parameters.ConclusionThe choroidal structure of the high hyperopia eyes was different from the normal control eyes. The thicker SFCT, higher LA, and TCA were characteristic of high hyperopia eyes. Choroidal blood flow may be decreased in amblyopic eyes. SFCT of high hyperopia children abnormally increased and correlated with shorter AL and higher SE. AL and SE affect choroidal structure and vascular density