Analysis of Discharge Capacity and Flood Storage Rate during 2015 Large Flood in the Kinu River

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchive

Contactless measurement of electrical conductivity for bulk nanostructured silver prepared by high-pressure torsion: A study of the dissipation process of giant strain

We measured the electrical conductivity of bulk nanostructured silver prepared by high-pressure torsion (HPT) in a contactless manner by observing the AC magnetic susceptibility resulting from the eddy current, so that we could quantitatively analyze the dissipation process of the residual strain with sufficient time resolution as a function of temperature T and initial shear strain γ. The HPT process was performed at room temperature under a pressure of 6 GPa for revolutions N = 0–5, and we targeted a wide range of residual shear strains. The contactless measurement without electrode preparation enabled us to investigate both the fast and slow dissipation processes of the residual strain with sufficient time resolution, so that a systematic study of these processes became possible. The changes in the electrical conductivity as a function of N at room temperature were indeed consistent with changes in the Vickers microhardness; furthermore, they were also related to changes in structural parameters such as the preferred orientation, the interplanar distance, and the crystallite size. The dissipation process at N = 1, corresponding to γ ≈ 30, was the largest and the fastest. For N = 5, corresponding to γ ≈ 140, we considered the effects of grain boundaries, as well as those of dislocations. The strain dissipation was quite slow below T = 290 K. According to the analytical results, it became successful to conduct the quantitative evaluation of the strain dissipation at arbitrary temperatures: For instance, the relaxation times at T = 280 and 260 K were estimated to be 3.6 and 37 days, respectively

Predicting of Tsunami Inundation Area Based on Propagation and Runup Numerical Model in Pacitan City

Pacitan city represents one of the regions residing in South East Java ProvinceIndonesia about which on direct with Indian Ocean. In this area there is a meeting of plate of Indo-Australia with plate of Eurasia which is if colliding head-on potency can generate tsunami. Seeing this existing condition, it is needed a study to know how susceptible level of South East Java Province regional to get disaster of tsunami. Based on the tsunami was occurred in Aceh Indonesia on December 26, 2004 was killed more than 200.000 peoples, the tsunami disaster management become very important to study. One of the studies ishow to predict the tsunami runup along shoreline of southern beach of East Java Province Indonesia. According to the geological data, area of east Java Ocean has high potential of earthquake. The history shows that there are many time tsunami occurred in East Java. Based on the initial study, one of the areas predicted as dangerous area for the tsunami is Pacitan city. To minimize the effect of tsunami hazard, prediction of inundation area base on the numerical model simulation of tsunami runup was done for Pacitan city. In this research predicting of inundation area caused by tsunami was studied. GIS was used astool to predict the inundation area. From this research it can be shown that numerical model of tsunami can be used to predict the runup. Base on runup elevation, inundation area can be predicted well by using GI

Visibility Estimation of Traffic Signals under Rainy Weather Conditions for Smart Driving Support

Abstract-The aim of this work is to support a driver by notifying the information of traffic signals in accordance with their visibility. To avoid traffic accidents, the driver should detect and recognize surrounding objects, especially traffic signals. However, when driving a vehicle under rainy weather conditions, it is difficult for drivers to detect or to recognize objects existing in the road environment in comparison with fine weather conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for estimating the visibility of traffic signals for drivers under rainy weather conditions by image processing. The proposed method is based on the concept of visual noise known in the field of cognitive science, and extracts two types of visual noise features which ware considered that they affect the visibility of traffic signals. We expect to improve the accuracy of visibility estimation by combining the visual noise features with the texture feature introduced in a previous work. Experimental results showed that the proposed method could estimate the visibility of traffic signals more accurately under rainy weather conditions

Generation of Tetrafluoroethylene–Propylene Elastomer-Based Microfluidic Devices for Drug Toxicity and Metabolism Studies

フッ素系エラストマー素材を用いた肝臓チップの開発と薬物代謝・毒性試験への応用. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-16.Drug testing on miniatured livers. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-09-17.Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used to fabricate microfluidic organs-on-chips. Using these devices (PDMS-based devices), the mechanical microenvironment of living tissues, such as pulmonary respiration and intestinal peristalsis, can be reproduced in vitro. However, the use of PDMS-based devices in drug discovery research is limited because of their extensive absorption of drugs. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of the tetrafluoroethylene–propylene (FEPM) elastomer to fabricate a hepatocyte-on-a-chip (FEPM-based hepatocyte chip) with lower drug absorption. The FEPM-based hepatocyte chip expressed drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug-conjugating enzymes, and drug transporters. Also, it could produce human albumin. Although the metabolites of midazolam and bufuralol were hardly detected in the PDMS-based hepatocyte chip, they were detected abundantly in the FEPM-based hepatocyte chip. Finally, coumarin-induced hepatocyte cytotoxicity was less severe in the PDMS-based hepatocyte chip than in the FEPM-based hepatocyte chip, reflecting the different drug absorptions of the two chips. In conclusion, the FEPM-based hepatocyte chip could be a useful tool in drug discovery research, including drug metabolism and toxicity studies

Langerhans cell histiocytosis on the penis: a case report

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis affects mainly young children and features an accumulation of CD1a+ dendritic Langerhans cells in the bone, skin, and other organs. A few cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on the penis have been reported in the literature. We present a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on the penis and review the similar cases in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 13-year-old boy who had a history of lymph node, femur bone, and pituitary-thalmic axis lesions from Langerhans cell histiocytosis who noticed a painful nodule on the prepuce of his penis. The histological and immunohistochemical examination fulfilled the criteria of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. CONCLUSION: We herein describe the case reported of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on the penis

SARS-CoV-2 disrupts respiratory vascular barriers by suppressing Claudin-5 expression

臓器チップ技術を用いて新型コロナウイルスが血管へ侵入するメカニズムを解明 --Claudin-5発現抑制による呼吸器の血管内皮バリア破壊--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-22.A study using an organ-on-a-chip reveals a mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 invasion into blood vessels --Disruption of vascular endothelial barrier in respiratory organs by decreasing Claudin-5 expression--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-09-27.In the initial process of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects respiratory epithelial cells and then transfers to other organs the blood vessels. It is believed that SARS-CoV-2 can pass the vascular wall by altering the endothelial barrier using an unknown mechanism. In this study, we investigated the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the endothelial barrier using an airway-on-a-chip that mimics respiratory organs and found that SARS-CoV-2 produced from infected epithelial cells disrupts the barrier by decreasing Claudin-5 (CLDN5), a tight junction protein, and disrupting vascular endothelial cadherin–mediated adherens junctions. Consistently, the gene and protein expression levels of CLDN5 in the lungs of a patient with COVID-19 were decreased. CLDN5 overexpression or Fluvastatin treatment rescued the SARS-CoV-2–induced respiratory endothelial barrier disruption. We concluded that the down-regulation of CLDN5 expression is a pivotal mechanism for SARS-CoV-2–induced endothelial barrier disruption in respiratory organs and that inducing CLDN5 expression is a therapeutic strategy against COVID-19